sparc: Fix stack corruption

Fix a potential stack corruption in uniprocessor configurations during
start multitasking.

The system initialization uses the interrupt stack.  A first level
interrupt shall never interrupt a context which uses the interrupt
stack.  Such a use would lead to stack corruption and undefined system
behaviour.  Unfortunately, in uniprocessor configurations this was the
case.  Multiprocessing is started using _CPU_Context_restore().  The
caller of this function (_Thread_Start_multitasking()) uses the
interrupt stack.  Later we have in cpukit/score/cpu/sparc/cpu_asm.S:

        mov     %g1, %psr                     ! restore status register and
                                              ! **** ENABLE TRAPS ****

        ld      [%o1 + G5_OFFSET], %g5        ! restore the global registers
        ld      [%o1 + G7_OFFSET], %g7

        ! Load thread specific ISR dispatch prevention flag
        ld      [%o1 + ISR_DISPATCH_DISABLE_STACK_OFFSET], %o2
        ! Store it to memory later to use the cycles

        ldd     [%o1 + L0_OFFSET], %l0        ! restore the local registers
        ldd     [%o1 + L2_OFFSET], %l2
        ldd     [%o1 + L4_OFFSET], %l4
        ldd     [%o1 + L6_OFFSET], %l6

        ! Now restore thread specific ISR dispatch prevention flag
        st      %o2, [%g6 + PER_CPU_ISR_DISPATCH_DISABLE]

        ldd     [%o1 + I0_OFFSET], %i0        ! restore the input registers
        ldd     [%o1 + I2_OFFSET], %i2
        ldd     [%o1 + I4_OFFSET], %i4
        ldd     [%o1 + I6_FP_OFFSET], %i6

        ldd     [%o1 + O6_SP_OFFSET], %o6     ! restore the output registers

Between the ENABLE TRAPS and the restore of the output registers, we
still use the stack of the caller and interrupts may be enabled.  If an
interrupt happens in this code block, the interrupt stack is
concurrently used which may lead to a crash.

Fix this by adding a new function _SPARC_Start_multiprocessing() for
uniprocessor configurations.  This function first sets the stack pointer
to use the stack of the heir thread.

Close #4955.

2 files changed, 47 insertions, 1 deletions

diff --git a/cpukit/score/cpu/sparc/cpu_asm.S b/cpukit/score/cpu/sparc/cpu_asm.S
index 8947064ff8..e742acae5a 100644
--- a/cpukit/score/cpu/sparc/cpu_asm.S
+++ b/cpukit/score/cpu/sparc/cpu_asm.S
@@ -246,6 +246,14 @@ done_flushing:
         mov     %g1, %psr                     ! restore status register and
                                               ! **** ENABLE TRAPS ****
 
+        /*
+         * WARNING: This code does not run with the restored stack pointer.  In
+         * SMP configurations, it uses a processor-specific stack.  In
+         * uniprocessor configurations, it uses the stack of the caller.  In
+         * this case, the caller shall ensure that it is not the interrupt
+         * stack (which is also the system initialization stack).
+         */
+
         ld      [%o1 + G5_OFFSET], %g5        ! restore the global registers
         ld      [%o1 + G7_OFFSET], %g7
 
@@ -266,7 +274,9 @@ done_flushing:
         ldd     [%o1 + I4_OFFSET], %i4
         ldd     [%o1 + I6_FP_OFFSET], %i6
 
-        ldd     [%o1 + O6_SP_OFFSET], %o6     ! restore the output registers
+        ldd     [%o1 + O6_SP_OFFSET], %o6     ! restore the non-volatile output
+                                              ! registers (stack pointer,
+                                              ! link register)
 
         jmp     %o7 + 8                       ! return
         nop                                   ! delay slot
@@ -325,6 +335,23 @@ SYM(_CPU_Context_restore):
         ba      SYM(_CPU_Context_restore_heir)
         mov     %i0, %o1                      ! in the delay slot
 
+#if !defined(RTEMS_SMP)
+        .align 4
+        PUBLIC(_SPARC_Start_multitasking)
+SYM(_SPARC_Start_multitasking):
+        /*
+         * Restore the stack pointer right now, so that the window flushing and
+         * interrupts during _CPU_Context_restore_heir() use the stack of the
+         * heir thread.  This is crucial for the interrupt handling to prevent
+         * a concurrent use of the interrupt stack (which is also the system
+         * initialization stack).
+         */
+        ld      [%o0 + O6_SP_OFFSET], %o6
+
+        ba      SYM(_CPU_Context_restore)
+         nop
+#endif
+
 /*
  *  void _SPARC_Interrupt_trap()
  *
diff --git a/cpukit/score/cpu/sparc/include/rtems/score/cpu.h b/cpukit/score/cpu/sparc/include/rtems/score/cpu.h
index 43b9b75bec..7a3588f812 100644
--- a/cpukit/score/cpu/sparc/include/rtems/score/cpu.h
+++ b/cpukit/score/cpu/sparc/include/rtems/score/cpu.h
@@ -993,6 +993,25 @@ RTEMS_NO_RETURN void _CPU_Context_switch_no_return(
  */
 RTEMS_NO_RETURN void _CPU_Context_restore( Context_Control *new_context );
 
+#if !defined(RTEMS_SMP)
+/**
+ * @brief Starts multitasking in uniprocessor configurations.
+ *
+ * This function just sets the stack of the heir thread and then calls
+ * _CPU_Context_restore().
+ *
+ * This is causes that the window flushing and interrupts during
+ * _CPU_Context_restore() use the stack of the heir thread.  This is crucial
+ * for the interrupt handling to prevent a concurrent use of the interrupt
+ * stack (which is also the system initialization stack).
+ *
+ * @param[in] heir is the context of the heir thread.
+ */
+RTEMS_NO_RETURN void _SPARC_Start_multitasking( Context_Control *heir );
+
+#define _CPU_Start_multitasking( _heir ) _SPARC_Start_multitasking( _heir )
+#endif
+
 #if defined(RTEMS_SMP)
   uint32_t _CPU_SMP_Initialize( void );