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+/**
+ * @file
+ *
+ * @ingroup ScoreHeap
+ *
+ * @brief Heap Handler API
+ */
+
+/*
+ * COPYRIGHT (c) 1989-2006.
+ * On-Line Applications Research Corporation (OAR).
+ *
+ * The license and distribution terms for this file may be
+ * found in the file LICENSE in this distribution or at
+ * http://www.rtems.org/license/LICENSE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _RTEMS_SCORE_HEAP_H
+#define _RTEMS_SCORE_HEAP_H
+
+#include <rtems/score/cpu.h>
+#include <rtems/score/thread.h>
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+#ifdef RTEMS_DEBUG
+ #define HEAP_PROTECTION
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * @defgroup ScoreHeap Heap Handler
+ *
+ * @ingroup Score
+ *
+ * @brief The Heap Handler provides a heap.
+ *
+ * A heap is a doubly linked list of variable size blocks which are allocated
+ * using the first fit method. Garbage collection is performed each time a
+ * block is returned to the heap by coalescing neighbor blocks. Control
+ * information for both allocated and free blocks is contained in the heap
+ * area. A heap control structure contains control information for the heap.
+ *
+ * The alignment routines could be made faster should we require only powers of
+ * two to be supported for page size, alignment and boundary arguments. The
+ * minimum alignment requirement for pages is currently CPU_ALIGNMENT and this
+ * value is only required to be multiple of two and explicitly not required to
+ * be a power of two.
+ *
+ * There are two kinds of blocks. One sort describes a free block from which
+ * we can allocate memory. The other blocks are used and provide an allocated
+ * memory area. The free blocks are accessible via a list of free blocks.
+ *
+ * Blocks or areas cover a continuous set of memory addresses. They have a
+ * begin and end address. The end address is not part of the set. The size of
+ * a block or area equals the distance between the begin and end address in
+ * units of bytes.
+ *
+ * Free blocks look like:
+ * <table>
+ * <tr>
+ * <td rowspan=4>@ref Heap_Block</td><td>previous block size in case the
+ * previous block is free, <br> otherwise it may contain data used by
+ * the previous block</td>
+ * </tr>
+ * <tr>
+ * <td>block size and a flag which indicates if the previous block is free
+ * or used, <br> this field contains always valid data regardless of the
+ * block usage</td>
+ * </tr>
+ * <tr><td>pointer to next block (this field is page size aligned)</td></tr>
+ * <tr><td>pointer to previous block</td></tr>
+ * <tr><td colspan=2>free space</td></tr>
+ * </table>
+ *
+ * Used blocks look like:
+ * <table>
+ * <tr>
+ * <td rowspan=4>@ref Heap_Block</td><td>previous block size in case the
+ * previous block is free,<br>otherwise it may contain data used by
+ * the previous block</td>
+ * </tr>
+ * <tr>
+ * <td>block size and a flag which indicates if the previous block is free
+ * or used, <br> this field contains always valid data regardless of the
+ * block usage</td>
+ * </tr>
+ * <tr><td>begin of allocated area (this field is page size aligned)</td></tr>
+ * <tr><td>allocated space</td></tr>
+ * <tr><td colspan=2>allocated space</td></tr>
+ * </table>
+ *
+ * The heap area after initialization contains two blocks and looks like:
+ * <table>
+ * <tr><th>Label</th><th colspan=2>Content</th></tr>
+ * <tr><td>heap->area_begin</td><td colspan=2>heap area begin address</td></tr>
+ * <tr>
+ * <td>first_block->prev_size</td>
+ * <td colspan=2>
+ * subordinate heap area end address (this will be used to maintain a
+ * linked list of scattered heap areas)
+ * </td>
+ * </tr>
+ * <tr>
+ * <td>first_block->size</td>
+ * <td colspan=2>size available for allocation
+ * | @c HEAP_PREV_BLOCK_USED</td>
+ * </tr>
+ * <tr>
+ * <td>first_block->next</td><td>_Heap_Free_list_tail(heap)</td>
+ * <td rowspan=3>memory area available for allocation</td>
+ * </tr>
+ * <tr><td>first_block->prev</td><td>_Heap_Free_list_head(heap)</td></tr>
+ * <tr><td>...</td></tr>
+ * <tr>
+ * <td>last_block->prev_size</td><td colspan=2>size of first block</td>
+ * </tr>
+ * <tr>
+ * <td>last_block->size</td>
+ * <td colspan=2>first block begin address - last block begin address</td>
+ * </tr>
+ * <tr><td>heap->area_end</td><td colspan=2>heap area end address</td></tr>
+ * </table>
+ * The next block of the last block is the first block. Since the first
+ * block indicates that the previous block is used, this ensures that the
+ * last block appears as used for the _Heap_Is_used() and _Heap_Is_free()
+ * functions.
+ */
+/**@{**/
+
+typedef struct Heap_Control Heap_Control;
+
+typedef struct Heap_Block Heap_Block;
+
+#ifndef HEAP_PROTECTION
+ #define HEAP_PROTECTION_HEADER_SIZE 0
+#else
+ #define HEAP_PROTECTOR_COUNT 2
+
+ #define HEAP_BEGIN_PROTECTOR_0 ((uintptr_t) 0xfd75a98f)
+ #define HEAP_BEGIN_PROTECTOR_1 ((uintptr_t) 0xbfa1f177)
+ #define HEAP_END_PROTECTOR_0 ((uintptr_t) 0xd6b8855e)
+ #define HEAP_END_PROTECTOR_1 ((uintptr_t) 0x13a44a5b)
+
+ #define HEAP_FREE_PATTERN ((uintptr_t) 0xe7093cdf)
+
+ #define HEAP_PROTECTION_OBOLUS ((Heap_Block *) 1)
+
+ typedef void (*_Heap_Protection_handler)(
+ Heap_Control *heap,
+ Heap_Block *block
+ );
+
+ typedef struct {
+ _Heap_Protection_handler block_initialize;
+ _Heap_Protection_handler block_check;
+ _Heap_Protection_handler block_error;
+ void *handler_data;
+ Heap_Block *first_delayed_free_block;
+ Heap_Block *last_delayed_free_block;
+ uintptr_t delayed_free_block_count;
+ uintptr_t delayed_free_fraction;
+ } Heap_Protection;
+
+ typedef struct {
+ uintptr_t protector [HEAP_PROTECTOR_COUNT];
+ Heap_Block *next_delayed_free_block;
+ Thread_Control *task;
+ void *tag;
+ } Heap_Protection_block_begin;
+
+ typedef struct {
+ uintptr_t protector [HEAP_PROTECTOR_COUNT];
+ } Heap_Protection_block_end;
+
+ #define HEAP_PROTECTION_HEADER_SIZE \
+ (sizeof(Heap_Protection_block_begin) + sizeof(Heap_Protection_block_end))
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * @brief The block header consists of the two size fields
+ * (@ref Heap_Block.prev_size and @ref Heap_Block.size_and_flag).
+ */
+#define HEAP_BLOCK_HEADER_SIZE \
+ (2 * sizeof(uintptr_t) + HEAP_PROTECTION_HEADER_SIZE)
+
+/**
+ * @brief Description for free or used blocks.
+ */
+struct Heap_Block {
+ /**
+ * @brief Size of the previous block or part of the allocated area of the
+ * previous block.
+ *
+ * This field is only valid if the previous block is free. This case is
+ * indicated by a cleared @c HEAP_PREV_BLOCK_USED flag in the
+ * @a size_and_flag field of the current block.
+ *
+ * In a used block only the @a size_and_flag field needs to be valid. The
+ * @a prev_size field of the current block is maintained by the previous
+ * block. The current block can use the @a prev_size field in the next block
+ * for allocation.
+ */
+ uintptr_t prev_size;
+
+ #ifdef HEAP_PROTECTION
+ Heap_Protection_block_begin Protection_begin;
+ #endif
+
+ /**
+ * @brief Contains the size of the current block and a flag which indicates
+ * if the previous block is free or used.
+ *
+ * If the flag @c HEAP_PREV_BLOCK_USED is set, then the previous block is
+ * used, otherwise the previous block is free. A used previous block may
+ * claim the @a prev_size field for allocation. This trick allows to
+ * decrease the overhead in the used blocks by the size of the @a prev_size
+ * field. As sizes are required to be multiples of two, the least
+ * significant bits would be always zero. We use this bit to store the flag.
+ *
+ * This field is always valid.
+ */
+ uintptr_t size_and_flag;
+
+ #ifdef HEAP_PROTECTION
+ Heap_Protection_block_end Protection_end;
+ #endif
+
+ /**
+ * @brief Pointer to the next free block or part of the allocated area.
+ *
+ * This field is page size aligned and begins of the allocated area in case
+ * the block is used.
+ *
+ * This field is only valid if the block is free and thus part of the free
+ * block list.
+ */
+ Heap_Block *next;
+
+ /**
+ * @brief Pointer to the previous free block or part of the allocated area.
+ *
+ * This field is only valid if the block is free and thus part of the free
+ * block list.
+ */
+ Heap_Block *prev;
+};
+
+/**
+ * @brief Run-time heap statistics.
+ *
+ * The value @a searches / @a allocs gives the mean number of searches per
+ * allocation, while @a max_search gives maximum number of searches ever
+ * performed on a single allocation call.
+ */
+typedef struct {
+ /**
+ * @brief Lifetime number of bytes allocated from this heap.
+ *
+ * This value is an integral multiple of the page size.
+ */
+ uint64_t lifetime_allocated;
+
+ /**
+ * @brief Lifetime number of bytes freed to this heap.
+ *
+ * This value is an integral multiple of the page size.
+ */
+ uint64_t lifetime_freed;
+
+ /**
+ * @brief Size of the allocatable area in bytes.
+ *
+ * This value is an integral multiple of the page size.
+ */
+ uintptr_t size;
+
+ /**
+ * @brief Current free size in bytes.
+ *
+ * This value is an integral multiple of the page size.
+ */
+ uintptr_t free_size;
+
+ /**
+ * @brief Minimum free size ever in bytes.
+ *
+ * This value is an integral multiple of the page size.
+ */
+ uintptr_t min_free_size;
+
+ /**
+ * @brief Current number of free blocks.
+ */
+ uint32_t free_blocks;
+
+ /**
+ * @brief Maximum number of free blocks ever.
+ */
+ uint32_t max_free_blocks;
+
+ /**
+ * @brief Current number of used blocks.
+ */
+ uint32_t used_blocks;
+
+ /**
+ * @brief Maximum number of blocks searched ever.
+ */
+ uint32_t max_search;
+
+ /**
+ * @brief Total number of searches.
+ */
+ uint32_t searches;
+
+ /**
+ * @brief Total number of successful allocations.
+ */
+ uint32_t allocs;
+
+ /**
+ * @brief Total number of failed allocations.
+ */
+ uint32_t failed_allocs;
+
+ /**
+ * @brief Total number of successful frees.
+ */
+ uint32_t frees;
+
+ /**
+ * @brief Total number of successful resizes.
+ */
+ uint32_t resizes;
+} Heap_Statistics;
+
+/**
+ * @brief Control block used to manage a heap.
+ */
+struct Heap_Control {
+ Heap_Block free_list;
+ uintptr_t page_size;
+ uintptr_t min_block_size;
+ uintptr_t area_begin;
+ uintptr_t area_end;
+ Heap_Block *first_block;
+ Heap_Block *last_block;
+ Heap_Statistics stats;
+ #ifdef HEAP_PROTECTION
+ Heap_Protection Protection;
+ #endif
+};
+
+/**
+ * @brief Information about blocks.
+ */
+typedef struct {
+ /**
+ * @brief Number of blocks of this type.
+ */
+ uintptr_t number;
+
+ /**
+ * @brief Largest block of this type.
+ */
+ uintptr_t largest;
+
+ /**
+ * @brief Total size of the blocks of this type.
+ */
+ uintptr_t total;
+} Heap_Information;
+
+/**
+ * @brief Information block returned by _Heap_Get_information().
+ */
+typedef struct {
+ Heap_Information Free;
+ Heap_Information Used;
+ Heap_Statistics Stats;
+} Heap_Information_block;
+
+/**
+ * @brief Heap area structure for table based heap initialization and
+ * extension.
+ *
+ * @see Heap_Initialization_or_extend_handler.
+ */
+typedef struct {
+ void *begin;
+ uintptr_t size;
+} Heap_Area;
+
+/**
+ * @brief Heap initialization and extend handler type.
+ *
+ * This helps to do a table based heap initialization and extension. Create a
+ * table of Heap_Area elements and iterate through it. Set the handler to
+ * _Heap_Initialize() in the first iteration and then to _Heap_Extend().
+ *
+ * @see Heap_Area, _Heap_Initialize(), _Heap_Extend(), or _Heap_No_extend().
+ */
+typedef uintptr_t (*Heap_Initialization_or_extend_handler)(
+ Heap_Control *heap,
+ void *area_begin,
+ uintptr_t area_size,
+ uintptr_t page_size_or_unused
+);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Extends the memory available for the heap @a heap using the memory
+ * area starting at @a area_begin of size @a area_size bytes.
+ *
+ * There are no alignment requirements for the memory area. The memory area
+ * must be big enough to contain some maintenance blocks. It must not overlap
+ * parts of the current heap memory areas. Disconnected memory areas added to
+ * the heap will lead to used blocks which cover the gaps. Extending with an
+ * inappropriate memory area will corrupt the heap resulting in undefined
+ * behaviour.
+ *
+ * The unused fourth parameter is provided to have the same signature as
+ * _Heap_Initialize().
+ *
+ * Returns the extended space available for allocation, or zero in case of failure.
+ *
+ * @see Heap_Initialization_or_extend_handler.
+ */
+uintptr_t _Heap_Extend(
+ Heap_Control *heap,
+ void *area_begin,
+ uintptr_t area_size,
+ uintptr_t unused
+);
+
+/**
+ * @brief This function returns always zero.
+ *
+ * This function only returns zero and does nothing else.
+ *
+ * Returns always zero.
+ *
+ * @see Heap_Initialization_or_extend_handler.
+ */
+uintptr_t _Heap_No_extend(
+ Heap_Control *unused_0,
+ void *unused_1,
+ uintptr_t unused_2,
+ uintptr_t unused_3
+);
+
+RTEMS_INLINE_ROUTINE uintptr_t _Heap_Align_up(
+ uintptr_t value,
+ uintptr_t alignment
+)
+{
+ uintptr_t remainder = value % alignment;
+
+ if ( remainder != 0 ) {
+ return value - remainder + alignment;
+ } else {
+ return value;
+ }
+}
+
+RTEMS_INLINE_ROUTINE uintptr_t _Heap_Min_block_size( uintptr_t page_size )
+{
+ return _Heap_Align_up( sizeof( Heap_Block ), page_size );
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Returns the worst case overhead to manage a memory area.
+ */
+RTEMS_INLINE_ROUTINE uintptr_t _Heap_Area_overhead(
+ uintptr_t page_size
+)
+{
+ if ( page_size != 0 ) {
+ page_size = _Heap_Align_up( page_size, CPU_ALIGNMENT );
+ } else {
+ page_size = CPU_ALIGNMENT;
+ }
+
+ return 2 * (page_size - 1) + HEAP_BLOCK_HEADER_SIZE;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Returns the size with administration and alignment overhead for one
+ * allocation.
+ */
+RTEMS_INLINE_ROUTINE uintptr_t _Heap_Size_with_overhead(
+ uintptr_t page_size,
+ uintptr_t size,
+ uintptr_t alignment
+)
+{
+ if ( page_size != 0 ) {
+ page_size = _Heap_Align_up( page_size, CPU_ALIGNMENT );
+ } else {
+ page_size = CPU_ALIGNMENT;
+ }
+
+ if ( page_size < alignment ) {
+ page_size = alignment;
+ }
+
+ return HEAP_BLOCK_HEADER_SIZE + page_size - 1 + size;
+}
+
+/** @} */
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif
+/* end of include file */