c-user: Split up semaphore manager

This makes it easier to automatically generate parts of the manager
documentation in the future.

Update #3993.

1 files changed, 650 insertions, 0 deletions

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+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-SA-4.0
+
+.. Copyright (C) 1988, 2008 On-Line Applications Research Corporation (OAR)
+
+Directives
+==========
+
+This section details the semaphore manager's directives.  A subsection is
+dedicated to each of this manager's directives and describes the calling
+sequence, related constants, usage, and status codes.
+
+.. raw:: latex
+
+   \clearpage
+
+.. index:: create a semaphore
+.. index:: rtems_semaphore_create
+
+.. _rtems_semaphore_create:
+
+SEMAPHORE_CREATE - Create a semaphore
+-------------------------------------
+
+
+CALLING SEQUENCE:
+    .. code-block:: c
+
+        rtems_status_code rtems_semaphore_create(
+            rtems_name           name,
+            uint32_t             count,
+            rtems_attribute      attribute_set,
+            rtems_task_priority  priority_ceiling,
+            rtems_id            *id
+        );
+
+DIRECTIVE STATUS CODES:
+    .. list-table::
+     :class: rtems-table
+
+     * - ``RTEMS_SUCCESSFUL``
+       - semaphore created successfully
+     * - ``RTEMS_INVALID_NAME``
+       - invalid semaphore name
+     * - ``RTEMS_INVALID_ADDRESS``
+       - ``id`` is NULL
+     * - ``RTEMS_TOO_MANY``
+       - too many semaphores created
+     * - ``RTEMS_NOT_DEFINED``
+       - invalid attribute set
+     * - ``RTEMS_INVALID_NUMBER``
+       - invalid starting count for binary semaphore
+     * - ``RTEMS_TOO_MANY``
+       - too many global objects
+
+DESCRIPTION:
+    This directive creates a semaphore which resides on the local node. The
+    created semaphore has the user-defined name specified in name and the
+    initial count specified in count.  For control and maintenance of the
+    semaphore, RTEMS allocates and initializes a SMCB.  The RTEMS-assigned
+    semaphore id is returned in id.  This semaphore id is used with other
+    semaphore related directives to access the semaphore.
+
+    Specifying PRIORITY in attribute_set causes tasks waiting for a semaphore
+    to be serviced according to task priority.  When FIFO is selected, tasks
+    are serviced in First In-First Out order.
+
+NOTES:
+    This directive may cause the calling task to be preempted due to an
+    obtain and release of the object allocator mutex.
+
+    The priority inheritance and priority ceiling algorithms are only supported
+    for local, binary semaphores that use the priority task wait queue blocking
+    discipline.
+
+    The following semaphore attribute constants are defined by RTEMS:
+
+    .. list-table::
+     :class: rtems-table
+
+     * - ``RTEMS_FIFO``
+       - tasks wait by FIFO (default)
+     * - ``RTEMS_PRIORITY``
+       - tasks wait by priority
+     * - ``RTEMS_BINARY_SEMAPHORE``
+       - restrict values to 0 and 1
+     * - ``RTEMS_COUNTING_SEMAPHORE``
+       - no restriction on values (default)
+     * - ``RTEMS_SIMPLE_BINARY_SEMAPHORE``
+       - restrict values to 0 and 1, block on nested access, allow deletion of locked semaphore.
+     * - ``RTEMS_NO_INHERIT_PRIORITY``
+       - do not use priority inheritance (default)
+     * - ``RTEMS_INHERIT_PRIORITY``
+       - use priority inheritance
+     * - ``RTEMS_NO_PRIORITY_CEILING``
+       - do not use priority ceiling (default)
+     * - ``RTEMS_PRIORITY_CEILING``
+       - use priority ceiling
+     * - ``RTEMS_NO_MULTIPROCESSOR_RESOURCE_SHARING``
+       - do not use Multiprocessor Resource Sharing Protocol (default)
+     * - ``RTEMS_MULTIPROCESSOR_RESOURCE_SHARING``
+       - use Multiprocessor Resource Sharing Protocol
+     * - ``RTEMS_LOCAL``
+       - local semaphore (default)
+     * - ``RTEMS_GLOBAL``
+       - global semaphore
+
+    Semaphores should not be made global unless remote tasks must interact with
+    the created semaphore.  This is to avoid the system overhead incurred by
+    the creation of a global semaphore.  When a global semaphore is created,
+    the semaphore's name and id must be transmitted to every node in the system
+    for insertion in the local copy of the global object table.
+
+    *Note*, some combinations of attributes are not valid.  See the earlier
+    discussion on this.
+
+    The total number of global objects, including semaphores, is limited by the
+    maximum_global_objects field in the Configuration Table.
+
+    It is not allowed to create an initially locked MrsP semaphore and the
+    ``RTEMS_INVALID_NUMBER`` status code will be returned in SMP configurations
+    in this case.  This prevents lock order reversal problems with the
+    allocator mutex.
+
+.. raw:: latex
+
+   \clearpage
+
+.. index:: get ID of a semaphore
+.. index:: obtain ID of a semaphore
+.. index:: rtems_semaphore_ident
+
+.. _rtems_semaphore_ident:
+
+SEMAPHORE_IDENT - Get ID of a semaphore
+---------------------------------------
+
+CALLING SEQUENCE:
+    .. code-block:: c
+
+        rtems_status_code rtems_semaphore_ident(
+            rtems_name  name,
+            uint32_t    node,
+            rtems_id   *id
+        );
+
+DIRECTIVE STATUS CODES:
+    .. list-table::
+     :class: rtems-table
+
+     * - ``RTEMS_SUCCESSFUL``
+       - semaphore identified successfully
+     * - ``RTEMS_INVALID_NAME``
+       - semaphore name not found
+     * - ``RTEMS_INVALID_NODE``
+       - invalid node id
+
+DESCRIPTION:
+    This directive obtains the semaphore id associated with the semaphore name.
+    If the semaphore name is not unique, then the semaphore id will match one
+    of the semaphores with that name.  However, this semaphore id is not
+    guaranteed to correspond to the desired semaphore.  The semaphore id is
+    used by other semaphore related directives to access the semaphore.
+
+NOTES:
+    This directive will not cause the running task to be preempted.
+
+    If node is ``RTEMS_SEARCH_ALL_NODES``, all nodes are searched with the
+    local node being searched first.  All other nodes are searched with the
+    lowest numbered node searched first.
+
+    If node is a valid node number which does not represent the local node,
+    then only the semaphores exported by the designated node are searched.
+
+    This directive does not generate activity on remote nodes.  It accesses
+    only the local copy of the global object table.
+
+.. raw:: latex
+
+   \clearpage
+
+.. index:: delete a semaphore
+.. index:: rtems_semaphore_delete
+
+.. _rtems_semaphore_delete:
+
+SEMAPHORE_DELETE - Delete a semaphore
+-------------------------------------
+
+CALLING SEQUENCE:
+    .. code-block:: c
+
+        rtems_status_code rtems_semaphore_delete(
+            rtems_id id
+        );
+
+DIRECTIVE STATUS CODES:
+    .. list-table::
+     :class: rtems-table
+
+     * - ``RTEMS_SUCCESSFUL``
+       - semaphore deleted successfully
+     * - ``RTEMS_INVALID_ID``
+       - invalid semaphore id
+     * - ``RTEMS_RESOURCE_IN_USE``
+       - binary semaphore is in use
+     * - ``RTEMS_ILLEGAL_ON_REMOTE_OBJECT``
+       - cannot delete remote semaphore
+
+DESCRIPTION:
+    This directive deletes the semaphore specified by ``id``.  All tasks
+    blocked waiting to acquire the semaphore will be readied and returned a
+    status code which indicates that the semaphore was deleted.  The SMCB for
+    this semaphore is reclaimed by RTEMS.
+
+NOTES:
+    This directive may cause the calling task to be preempted due to an
+    obtain and release of the object allocator mutex.
+
+    The calling task will be preempted if it is enabled by the task's execution
+    mode and a higher priority local task is waiting on the deleted semaphore.
+    The calling task will NOT be preempted if all of the tasks that are waiting
+    on the semaphore are remote tasks.
+
+    The calling task does not have to be the task that created the semaphore.  Any
+    local task that knows the semaphore id can delete the semaphore.
+
+    When a global semaphore is deleted, the semaphore id must be transmitted to
+    every node in the system for deletion from the local copy of the global
+    object table.
+
+    The semaphore must reside on the local node, even if the semaphore was
+    created with the ``RTEMS_GLOBAL`` option.
+
+    Proxies, used to represent remote tasks, are reclaimed when the semaphore
+    is deleted.
+
+.. raw:: latex
+
+   \clearpage
+
+.. index:: obtain a semaphore
+.. index:: lock a semaphore
+.. index:: rtems_semaphore_obtain
+
+.. _rtems_semaphore_obtain:
+
+SEMAPHORE_OBTAIN - Acquire a semaphore
+--------------------------------------
+
+CALLING SEQUENCE:
+    .. code-block:: c
+
+        rtems_status_code rtems_semaphore_obtain(
+            rtems_id        id,
+            rtems_option    option_set,
+            rtems_interval  timeout
+        );
+
+DIRECTIVE STATUS CODES:
+    .. list-table::
+     :class: rtems-table
+
+     * - ``RTEMS_SUCCESSFUL``
+       - semaphore obtained successfully
+     * - ``RTEMS_UNSATISFIED``
+       - semaphore not available
+     * - ``RTEMS_TIMEOUT``
+       - timed out waiting for semaphore
+     * - ``RTEMS_OBJECT_WAS_DELETED``
+       - semaphore deleted while waiting
+     * - ``RTEMS_INVALID_ID``
+       - invalid semaphore id
+
+DESCRIPTION:
+    This directive acquires the semaphore specified by id.  The ``RTEMS_WAIT``
+    and ``RTEMS_NO_WAIT`` components of the options parameter indicate whether
+    the calling task wants to wait for the semaphore to become available or
+    return immediately if the semaphore is not currently available.  With
+    either ``RTEMS_WAIT`` or ``RTEMS_NO_WAIT``, if the current semaphore count
+    is positive, then it is decremented by one and the semaphore is
+    successfully acquired by returning immediately with a successful return
+    code.
+
+    If the calling task chooses to return immediately and the current semaphore
+    count is zero or negative, then a status code is returned indicating that
+    the semaphore is not available. If the calling task chooses to wait for a
+    semaphore and the current semaphore count is zero or negative, then it is
+    decremented by one and the calling task is placed on the semaphore's wait
+    queue and blocked.  If the semaphore was created with the
+    ``RTEMS_PRIORITY`` attribute, then the calling task is inserted into the
+    queue according to its priority.  However, if the semaphore was created
+    with the ``RTEMS_FIFO`` attribute, then the calling task is placed at the
+    rear of the wait queue.  If the binary semaphore was created with the
+    ``RTEMS_INHERIT_PRIORITY`` attribute, then the priority of the task
+    currently holding the binary semaphore is guaranteed to be greater than or
+    equal to that of the blocking task.  If the binary semaphore was created
+    with the ``RTEMS_PRIORITY_CEILING`` attribute, a task successfully obtains
+    the semaphore, and the priority of that task is greater than the ceiling
+    priority for this semaphore, then the priority of the task obtaining the
+    semaphore is elevated to that of the ceiling.
+
+    The timeout parameter specifies the maximum interval the calling task is
+    willing to be blocked waiting for the semaphore.  If it is set to
+    ``RTEMS_NO_TIMEOUT``, then the calling task will wait forever.  If the
+    semaphore is available or the ``RTEMS_NO_WAIT`` option component is set,
+    then timeout is ignored.
+
+    In case a semaphore is not available, then ``RTEMS_UNSATISFIED`` will be
+    returned.  This happens immediately in case ``RTEMS_NO_WAIT`` is specified,
+    or as a result of another task invoking the ``rtems_semaphore_flush``
+    directive in case ``RTEMS_WAIT`` is specified.
+
+    Deadlock situations are detected for MrsP semaphores and the
+    ``RTEMS_UNSATISFIED`` status code will be returned in SMP configurations in
+    this case.
+
+NOTES:
+    The following semaphore acquisition option constants are defined by RTEMS:
+
+    .. list-table::
+     :class: rtems-table
+
+     * - ``RTEMS_WAIT``
+       - task will wait for semaphore (default)
+     * - ``RTEMS_NO_WAIT``
+       - task should not wait
+
+    Attempting to obtain a global semaphore which does not reside on the local
+    node will generate a request to the remote node to access the semaphore.
+    If the semaphore is not available and ``RTEMS_NO_WAIT`` was not specified,
+    then the task must be blocked until the semaphore is released.  A proxy is
+    allocated on the remote node to represent the task until the semaphore is
+    released.
+
+    A clock tick is required to support the timeout functionality of this
+    directive.
+
+    It is not allowed to obtain a MrsP semaphore more than once by one task at
+    a time (nested access) and the ``RTEMS_UNSATISFIED`` status code will be
+    returned in SMP configurations in this case.
+
+.. raw:: latex
+
+   \clearpage
+
+.. index:: release a semaphore
+.. index:: unlock a semaphore
+.. index:: rtems_semaphore_release
+
+.. _rtems_semaphore_release:
+
+SEMAPHORE_RELEASE - Release a semaphore
+---------------------------------------
+
+CALLING SEQUENCE:
+    .. code-block:: c
+
+        rtems_status_code rtems_semaphore_release(
+            rtems_id id
+        );
+
+DIRECTIVE STATUS CODES:
+    .. list-table::
+     :class: rtems-table
+
+     * - ``RTEMS_SUCCESSFUL``
+       - semaphore released successfully
+     * - ``RTEMS_INVALID_ID``
+       - invalid semaphore id
+     * - ``RTEMS_NOT_OWNER_OF_RESOURCE``
+       - calling task does not own semaphore
+     * - ``RTEMS_INCORRECT_STATE``
+       - invalid unlock order
+
+DESCRIPTION:
+    This directive releases the semaphore specified by id.  The semaphore count
+    is incremented by one.  If the count is zero or negative, then the first
+    task on this semaphore's wait queue is removed and unblocked.  The
+    unblocked task may preempt the running task if the running task's
+    preemption mode is enabled and the unblocked task has a higher priority
+    than the running task.
+
+NOTES:
+    The calling task may be preempted if it causes a higher priority task to be
+    made ready for execution.
+
+    Releasing a global semaphore which does not reside on the local node will
+    generate a request telling the remote node to release the semaphore.
+
+    If the task to be unblocked resides on a different node from the semaphore,
+    then the semaphore allocation is forwarded to the appropriate node, the
+    waiting task is unblocked, and the proxy used to represent the task is
+    reclaimed.
+
+    The outermost release of a local, binary, priority inheritance or priority
+    ceiling semaphore may result in the calling task having its priority
+    lowered.  This will occur if the calling task holds no other binary
+    semaphores and it has inherited a higher priority.
+
+    The MrsP semaphores must be released in the reversed obtain order,
+    otherwise the ``RTEMS_INCORRECT_STATE`` status code will be returned in SMP
+    configurations in this case.
+
+.. raw:: latex
+
+   \clearpage
+
+.. index:: flush a semaphore
+.. index:: unblock all tasks waiting on a semaphore
+.. index:: rtems_semaphore_flush
+
+.. _rtems_semaphore_flush:
+
+SEMAPHORE_FLUSH - Unblock all tasks waiting on a semaphore
+----------------------------------------------------------
+
+CALLING SEQUENCE:
+    .. code-block:: c
+
+        rtems_status_code rtems_semaphore_flush(
+            rtems_id id
+        );
+
+DIRECTIVE STATUS CODES:
+    .. list-table::
+     :class: rtems-table
+
+     * - ``RTEMS_SUCCESSFUL``
+       - semaphore released successfully
+     * - ``RTEMS_INVALID_ID``
+       - invalid semaphore id
+     * - ``RTEMS_NOT_DEFINED``
+       - operation not defined for the protocol of the semaphore
+     * - ``RTEMS_ILLEGAL_ON_REMOTE_OBJECT``
+       - not supported for remote semaphores
+
+DESCRIPTION:
+    This directive unblocks all tasks waiting on the semaphore specified by id.
+    Since there are tasks blocked on the semaphore, the semaphore's count is
+    not changed by this directive and thus is zero before and after this
+    directive is executed.  Tasks which are unblocked as the result of this
+    directive will return from the ``rtems_semaphore_obtain`` directive with a
+    status code of ``RTEMS_UNSATISFIED`` to indicate that the semaphore was not
+    obtained.
+
+    This directive may unblock any number of tasks.  Any of the unblocked tasks
+    may preempt the running task if the running task's preemption mode is
+    enabled and an unblocked task has a higher priority than the running task.
+
+NOTES:
+    The calling task may be preempted if it causes a higher priority task to be
+    made ready for execution.
+
+    If the task to be unblocked resides on a different node from the semaphore,
+    then the waiting task is unblocked, and the proxy used to represent the
+    task is reclaimed.
+
+    It is not allowed to flush a MrsP semaphore and the ``RTEMS_NOT_DEFINED``
+    status code will be returned in SMP configurations in this case.
+
+    Using the ``rtems_semaphore_flush`` directive for condition synchronization
+    in concert with another semaphore may be subject to the lost wake-up
+    problem.  The following attempt to implement a condition variable is
+    broken.
+
+    .. code-block:: c
+
+        #include <rtems.h>
+        #include <assert.h>
+
+        void cnd_wait( rtems_id cnd, rtems_id mtx )
+        {
+          rtems_status_code sc;
+
+          sc = rtems_semaphore_release( mtx );
+          assert( sc == RTEMS_SUCCESSFUL );
+
+          /*
+           * Here, a higher priority task may run and satisfy the condition. We
+           * may never wake up from the next semaphore obtain.
+           */
+
+          sc = rtems_semaphore_obtain( cnd, RTEMS_WAIT, RTEMS_NO_TIMEOUT );
+          assert( sc == RTEMS_UNSATISFIED );
+
+          sc = rtems_semaphore_obtain( mtx, RTEMS_WAIT, RTEMS_NO_TIMEOUT );
+          assert( sc == RTEMS_SUCCESSFUL );
+        }
+
+        void cnd_broadcast( rtems_id cnd )
+        {
+          rtems_status_code sc;
+
+          sc = rtems_semaphore_flush( cnd );
+          assert( sc == RTEMS_SUCCESSFUL );
+        }
+
+    For barrier synchronization, the :ref:`barrier_manager` offers a cleaner
+    alternative to using the `rtems_semaphore_flush` directive.  Unlike POSIX
+    barriers, they have a manual release option.
+
+.. raw:: latex
+
+   \clearpage
+
+.. index:: set priority by scheduler for a semaphore
+.. index:: rtems_semaphore_set_priority
+
+.. _rtems_semaphore_set_priority:
+
+SEMAPHORE_SET_PRIORITY - Set priority by scheduler for a semaphore
+------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+CALLING SEQUENCE:
+    .. code-block:: c
+
+        rtems_status_code rtems_semaphore_set_priority(
+            rtems_id             semaphore_id,
+            rtems_id             scheduler_id,
+            rtems_task_priority  new_priority,
+            rtems_task_priority *old_priority
+        );
+
+DIRECTIVE STATUS CODES:
+    .. list-table::
+     :class: rtems-table
+
+     * - ``RTEMS_SUCCESSFUL``
+       - successful operation
+     * - ``RTEMS_INVALID_ID``
+       - invalid semaphore or scheduler id
+     * - ``RTEMS_INVALID_ADDRESS``
+       - ``old_priority`` is NULL
+     * - ``RTEMS_INVALID_PRIORITY``
+       - invalid new priority value
+     * - ``RTEMS_NOT_DEFINED``
+       - operation not defined for the protocol ofthe semaphore
+     * - ``RTEMS_ILLEGAL_ON_REMOTE_OBJECT``
+       - not supported for remote semaphores
+
+DESCRIPTION:
+    This directive sets the priority value with respect to the specified
+    scheduler of a semaphore.
+
+    The special priority value ``RTEMS_CURRENT_PRIORITY`` can be used to get
+    the current priority value without changing it.
+
+    The interpretation of the priority value depends on the protocol of the
+    semaphore object.
+
+    - The Multiprocessor Resource Sharing Protocol needs a ceiling priority per
+      scheduler instance.  This operation can be used to specify these priority
+      values.
+
+    - For the Priority Ceiling Protocol the ceiling priority is used with this
+      operation.
+
+    - For other protocols this operation is not defined.
+
+EXAMPLE:
+    .. code-block:: c
+        :linenos:
+
+        #include <assert.h>
+        #include <stdlib.h>
+        #include <rtems.h>
+
+        #define SCHED_A rtems_build_name(' ', ' ', ' ', 'A')
+        #define SCHED_B rtems_build_name(' ', ' ', ' ', 'B')
+
+        static void Init(rtems_task_argument arg)
+        {
+            rtems_status_code   sc;
+            rtems_id            semaphore_id;
+            rtems_id            scheduler_a_id;
+            rtems_id            scheduler_b_id;
+            rtems_task_priority prio;
+
+            /* Get the scheduler identifiers */
+            sc = rtems_scheduler_ident(SCHED_A, &scheduler_a_id);
+            assert(sc == RTEMS_SUCCESSFUL);
+            sc = rtems_scheduler_ident(SCHED_B, &scheduler_b_id);
+            assert(sc == RTEMS_SUCCESSFUL);
+
+            /* Create a MrsP semaphore object */
+            sc = rtems_semaphore_create(
+                rtems_build_name('M', 'R', 'S', 'P'),
+                1,
+                RTEMS_MULTIPROCESSOR_RESOURCE_SHARING | RTEMS_BINARY_SEMAPHORE,
+                1,
+                &semaphore_id
+            );
+            assert(sc == RTEMS_SUCCESSFUL);
+
+            /*
+             * The ceiling priority values per scheduler are equal to the value specified
+             * for object creation.
+             */
+            prio = RTEMS_CURRENT_PRIORITY;
+            sc = rtems_semaphore_set_priority(semaphore_id, scheduler_a_id, prio, &prio);
+            assert(sc == RTEMS_SUCCESSFUL);
+            assert(prio == 1);
+
+            /* Check the old value and set a new ceiling priority for scheduler B */
+            prio = 2;
+            sc = rtems_semaphore_set_priority(semaphore_id, scheduler_b_id, prio, &prio);
+            assert(sc == RTEMS_SUCCESSFUL);
+            assert(prio == 1);
+
+            /* Check the ceiling priority values */
+            prio = RTEMS_CURRENT_PRIORITY;
+            sc = rtems_semaphore_set_priority(semaphore_id, scheduler_a_id, prio, &prio);
+            assert(sc == RTEMS_SUCCESSFUL);
+            assert(prio == 1);
+            prio = RTEMS_CURRENT_PRIORITY;
+            sc = rtems_semaphore_set_priority(semaphore_id, scheduler_b_id, prio, &prio);
+            assert(sc == RTEMS_SUCCESSFUL);
+            assert(prio == 2);
+
+            sc = rtems_semaphore_delete(semaphore_id);
+            assert(sc == RTEMS_SUCCESSFUL);
+
+            exit(0);
+        }
+
+        #define CONFIGURE_APPLICATION_NEEDS_CLOCK_DRIVER
+        #define CONFIGURE_APPLICATION_NEEDS_CONSOLE_DRIVER
+        #define CONFIGURE_MAXIMUM_TASKS 1
+        #define CONFIGURE_MAXIMUM_SEMAPHORES 1
+        #define CONFIGURE_MAXIMUM_PROCESSORS 2
+
+        #define CONFIGURE_SCHEDULER_SIMPLE_SMP
+
+        #include <rtems/scheduler.h>
+
+        RTEMS_SCHEDULER_CONTEXT_SIMPLE_SMP(a);
+        RTEMS_SCHEDULER_CONTEXT_SIMPLE_SMP(b);
+
+        #define CONFIGURE_SCHEDULER_TABLE_ENTRIES \
+            RTEMS_SCHEDULER_TABLE_SIMPLE_SMP(a, SCHED_A), \
+            RTEMS_SCHEDULER_TABLE_SIMPLE_SMP(b, SCHED_B)
+
+        #define CONFIGURE_SCHEDULER_ASSIGNMENTS \
+            RTEMS_SCHEDULER_ASSIGN(0, RTEMS_SCHEDULER_ASSIGN_PROCESSOR_MANDATORY), \
+            RTEMS_SCHEDULER_ASSIGN(1, RTEMS_SCHEDULER_ASSIGN_PROCESSOR_MANDATORY)
+
+        #define CONFIGURE_RTEMS_INIT_TASKS_TABLE
+        #define CONFIGURE_INIT
+
+        #include <rtems/confdefs.h>