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-<HTML>
-<BODY>
-<PRE>
-<!-- Manpage converted by man2html 3.0.1 -->
-
-</PRE>
-<H2>NAME</H2><PRE>
- <B>getch</B>, <B>wgetch</B>, <B>mvgetch</B>, <B>mvwgetch</B>, <B>ungetch</B>, <B>has_key</B> - get
- (or push back) characters from <B>curses</B> terminal keyboard
-
-
-</PRE>
-<H2>SYNOPSIS</H2><PRE>
- <B>#include</B> <B>&lt;curses.h&gt;</B>
-
- <B>int</B> <B>getch(void);</B>
- <B>int</B> <B>wgetch(WINDOW</B> <B>*win);</B>
- <B>int</B> <B>mvgetch(int</B> <B>y,</B> <B>int</B> <B>x);</B>
- <B>int</B> <B>mvwgetch(WINDOW</B> <B>*win,</B> <B>int</B> <B>y,</B> <B>int</B> <B>x);</B>
- <B>int</B> <B>ungetch(int</B> <B>ch);</B>
- <B>int</B> <B>has_key(int</B> <B>ch);</B>
-
-
-</PRE>
-<H2>DESCRIPTION</H2><PRE>
- The <B>getch</B>, <B>wgetch</B>, <B>mvgetch</B> and <B>mvwgetch</B>, routines read a
- character from the window. In no-delay mode, if no input
- is waiting, the value <B>ERR</B> is returned. In delay mode, the
- program waits until the system passes text through to the
- program. Depending on the setting of <B>cbreak</B>, this is
- after one character (cbreak mode), or after the first new-
- line (nocbreak mode). In half-delay mode, the program
- waits until a character is typed or the specified timeout
- has been reached.
-
- Unless <B>noecho</B> has been set, then the character will also
- be echoed into the designated window according to the fol-
- lowing rules: If the character is the current erase char-
- acter, left arrow, or backspace, the cursor is moved one
- space to the left and that screen position is erased as if
- <B>delch</B> had been called. If the character value is any
- other <B>KEY_</B> define, the user is alerted with a <B>beep</B> call.
- Otherwise the character is simply output to the screen.
-
- If the window is not a pad, and it has been moved or modi-
- fied since the last call to <B>wrefresh</B>, <B>wrefresh</B> will be
- called before another character is read.
-
- If <B>keypad</B> is <B>TRUE</B>, and a function key is pressed, the
- token for that function key is returned instead of the raw
- characters. Possible function keys are defined in
- <B>&lt;curses.h&gt;</B> as macros with values outside the range of
- 8-bit characters whose names begin with <B>KEY_.</B> Thus, a
- variable intended to hold the return value of a function
- key must be of short size or larger.
-
- When a character that could be the beginning of a function
- key is received (which, on modern terminals, means an
- escape character), <B>curses</B> sets a timer. If the remainder
- of the sequence does not come in within the designated
- time, the character is passed through; otherwise, the
- function key value is returned. For this reason, many
- terminals experience a delay between the time a user
- presses the escape key and the escape is returned to the
- program.
-
- The <B>ungetch</B> routine places <I>ch</I> back onto the input queue to
- be returned by the next call to <B>wgetch</B>. Note that there
- is, in effect, just one input queue for all windows.
-
-
- <B>Function</B> <B>Keys</B>
- The following function keys, defined in <B>&lt;curses.h&gt;</B>, might
- be returned by <B>getch</B> if <B>keypad</B> has been enabled. Note
- that not all of these are necessarily supported on any
- particular terminal.
-
- <I>Name</I> <I>Key</I> <I>name</I>
-
- KEY_BREAK Break key
- KEY_DOWN The four arrow keys ...
- KEY_UP
- KEY_LEFT
- KEY_RIGHT
- KEY_HOME Home key (upward+left arrow)
- KEY_BACKSPACE Backspace
- KEY_F0 Function keys; space for 64 keys
- is reserved.
- KEY_F(<I>n</I>) For 0 &lt;= <I>n</I> &lt;= 63
- KEY_DL Delete line
- KEY_IL Insert line
- KEY_DC Delete character
- KEY_IC Insert char or enter insert mode
- KEY_EIC Exit insert char mode
- KEY_CLEAR Clear screen
- KEY_EOS Clear to end of screen
- KEY_EOL Clear to end of line
- KEY_SF Scroll 1 line forward
- KEY_SR Scroll 1 line backward (reverse)
- KEY_NPAGE Next page
- KEY_PPAGE Previous page
- KEY_STAB Set tab
- KEY_CTAB Clear tab
- KEY_CATAB Clear all tabs
- KEY_ENTER Enter or send
- KEY_SRESET Soft (partial) reset
- KEY_RESET Reset or hard reset
- KEY_PRINT Print or copy
- KEY_LL Home down or bottom (lower left).
- KEY_A1 Upper left of keypad
- KEY_A3 Upper right of keypad
- KEY_B2 Center of keypad
- KEY_C1 Lower left of keypad
- KEY_C3 Lower right of keypad
- KEY_BTAB Back tab key
- KEY_BEG Beg(inning) key
- KEY_CANCEL Cancel key
-
- KEY_CLOSE Close key
- KEY_COMMAND Cmd (command) key
- KEY_COPY Copy key
- KEY_CREATE Create key
- KEY_END End key
- KEY_EXIT Exit key
- KEY_FIND Find key
- KEY_HELP Help key
- KEY_MARK Mark key
- KEY_MESSAGE Message key
- KEY_MOUSE Mouse event read
- KEY_MOVE Move key
- KEY_NEXT Next object key
- KEY_OPEN Open key
- KEY_OPTIONS Options key
- KEY_PREVIOUS Previous object key
- KEY_REDO Redo key
- KEY_REFERENCE Ref(erence) key
- KEY_REFRESH Refresh key
- KEY_REPLACE Replace key
- KEY_RESIZE Screen resized
- KEY_RESTART Restart key
- KEY_RESUME Resume key
- KEY_SAVE Save key
- KEY_SBEG Shifted beginning key
- KEY_SCANCEL Shifted cancel key
- KEY_SCOMMAND Shifted command key
- KEY_SCOPY Shifted copy key
- KEY_SCREATE Shifted create key
- KEY_SDC Shifted delete char key
- KEY_SDL Shifted delete line key
- KEY_SELECT Select key
- KEY_SEND Shifted end key
- KEY_SEOL Shifted clear line key
- KEY_SEXIT Shifted exit key
- KEY_SFIND Shifted find key
- KEY_SHELP Shifted help key
- KEY_SHOME Shifted home key
- KEY_SIC Shifted input key
- KEY_SLEFT Shifted left arrow key
- KEY_SMESSAGE Shifted message key
- KEY_SMOVE Shifted move key
- KEY_SNEXT Shifted next key
- KEY_SOPTIONS Shifted options key
- KEY_SPREVIOUS Shifted prev key
- KEY_SPRINT Shifted print key
- KEY_SREDO Shifted redo key
- KEY_SREPLACE Shifted replace key
- KEY_SRIGHT Shifted right arrow
- KEY_SRSUME Shifted resume key
- KEY_SSAVE Shifted save key
- KEY_SSUSPEND Shifted suspend key
- KEY_SUNDO Shifted undo key
-
- KEY_SUSPEND Suspend key
- KEY_UNDO Undo key
-
- Keypad is arranged like this:
-
- +-----+------+-------+
- | <B>A1</B> | <B>up</B> | <B>A3</B> |
- +-----+------+-------+
- |<B>left</B> | <B>B2</B> | <B>right</B> |
- +-----+------+-------+
- | <B>C1</B> | <B>down</B> | <B>C3</B> |
- +-----+------+-------+
- The <B>has_key</B> routine takes a key value from the above list,
- and returns TRUE or FALSE according as the current termi-
- nal type recognizes a key with that value.
-
-
-
-</PRE>
-<H2>RETURN VALUE</H2><PRE>
- All routines return the integer <B>ERR</B> upon failure and an
- integer value other than <B>ERR</B> (<B>OK</B> in the case of ungetch())
- upon successful completion.
-
-
-</PRE>
-<H2>NOTES</H2><PRE>
- Use of the escape key by a programmer for a single charac-
- ter function is discouraged, as it will cause a delay of
- up to one second while the keypad code looks for a follow-
- ing function-key sequence.
-
- When using <B>getch</B>, <B>wgetch</B>, <B>mvgetch</B>, or <B>mvwgetch</B>, nocbreak
- mode (<B>nocbreak</B>) and echo mode (<B>echo</B>) should not be used at
- the same time. Depending on the state of the tty driver
- when each character is typed, the program may produce
- undesirable results.
-
- Note that <B>getch</B>, <B>mvgetch</B>, and <B>mvwgetch</B> may be macros.
-
- Historically, the set of keypad macros was largely defined
- by the extremely function-key-rich keyboard of the AT&amp;T
- 7300, aka 3B1, aka Safari 4. Modern personal computers
- usually have only a small subset of these. IBM PC-style
- consoles typically support little more than <B>KEY_UP</B>,
- <B>KEY_DOWN</B>, <B>KEY_LEFT</B>, <B>KEY_RIGHT</B>, <B>KEY_HOME</B>, <B>KEY_END</B>,
- <B>KEY_NPAGE</B>, <B>KEY_PPAGE</B>, and function keys 1 through 12. The
- Ins key is usually mapped to <B>KEY_IC</B>.
-
-
-</PRE>
-<H2>PORTABILITY</H2><PRE>
- The *get* functions are described in the XSI Curses stan-
- dard, Issue 4. They read single-byte characters only.
- The standard specifies that they return <B>ERR</B> on failure,
- but specifies no error conditions.
-
- The echo behavior of these functions on input of <B>KEY_</B> or
- backspace characters was not specified in the SVr4 docu-
- mentation. This description is adopted from the XSI
- Curses standard.
-
- The behavior of <B>getch</B> and friends in the presence of han-
- dled signals is unspecified in the SVr4 and XSI Curses
- documentation. Under historical curses implementations,
- it varied depending on whether the operating system's
- implementation of handled signal receipt interrupts a
- <B><A HREF="read.2.html">read(2)</A></B> call in progress or not, and also (in some imple-
- mentations) depending on whether an input timeout or non-
- blocking mode hsd been set.
-
- Programmers concerned about portability should be prepared
- for either of two cases: (a) signal receipt does not
- interrupt <B>getch</B>; (b) signal receipt interrupts <B>getch</B> and
- causes it to return ERR with <B>errno</B> set to <B>EINTR</B>. Under
- the <B>ncurses</B> implementation, handled signals never inter-
- rupt <B>getch</B>.
-
- The <B>has_key</B> function is unique to <B>ncurses</B>. We recommend
- that any code using it be conditionalized on the
- <B>NCURSES_VERSION</B> feature macro.
-
-
-</PRE>
-<H2>SEE ALSO</H2><PRE>
- <B><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">curses(3x)</A></B>, <B><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></B>, <B><A HREF="curs_mouse.3x.html">curs_mouse(3x)</A></B>,
- <B><A HREF="curs_move.3x.html">curs_move(3x)</A></B>, <B><A HREF="curs_refresh.3x.html">curs_refresh(3x)</A></B>. <B><A HREF="resizeterm.3x.html">resizeterm(3x)</A></B>.
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-<ADDRESS>
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