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+/* statistics/kurtosis_source.c
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000 Jim Davies, Brian Gough
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at
+ * your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ * General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
+ */
+
+double
+FUNCTION(gsl_stats,kurtosis) (const BASE data[], const size_t stride, const size_t n)
+{
+ const double mean = FUNCTION(gsl_stats,mean)(data, stride, n);
+ const double est_sd = FUNCTION(gsl_stats,sd_m)(data, stride, n, mean);
+ return FUNCTION(gsl_stats,kurtosis_m_sd)(data, stride, n, mean, est_sd);
+}
+
+double
+FUNCTION(gsl_stats,kurtosis_m_sd) (const BASE data[],
+ const size_t stride,
+ const size_t n,
+ const double mean,
+ const double sd)
+{
+ /* takes a dataset and finds the kurtosis */
+
+ long double avg = 0, kurtosis;
+ size_t i;
+
+ /* find the fourth moment the deviations, normalized by the sd */
+
+ /* we use a recurrence relation to stably update a running value so
+ there aren't any large sums that can overflow */
+
+ for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+ {
+ const long double x = (data[i * stride] - mean) / sd;
+ avg += (x * x * x * x - avg)/(i + 1);
+ }
+
+ kurtosis = avg - 3.0; /* makes kurtosis zero for a Gaussian */
+
+ return kurtosis;
+}
+