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-@c
-@c Interrupt Stack Frame Picture
-@c
-@c COPYRIGHT (c) 1988-2002.
-@c On-Line Applications Research Corporation (OAR).
-@c All rights reserved.
-@c
-@c $Id$
-@c
-
-@chapter Interrupt Processing
-
-@section Introduction
-
-Different types of processors respond to the
-occurrence of an interrupt in its own unique fashion. In
-addition, each processor type provides a control mechanism to
-allow for the proper handling of an interrupt. The processor
-dependent response to the interrupt modifies the current
-execution state and results in a change in the execution stream.
-Most processors require that an interrupt handler utilize some
-special control mechanisms to return to the normal processing
-stream. Although RTEMS hides many of the processor dependent
-details of interrupt processing, it is important to understand
-how the RTEMS interrupt manager is mapped onto the processor's
-unique architecture. Discussed in this chapter are the XXX's
-interrupt response and control mechanisms as they pertain to
-RTEMS.
-
-@section Vectoring of an Interrupt Handler
-
-Depending on whether or not the particular CPU
-supports a separate interrupt stack, the XXX family has two
-different interrupt handling models.
-
-@subsection Models Without Separate Interrupt Stacks
-
-Upon receipt of an interrupt the XXX family
-members without separate interrupt stacks automatically perform
-the following actions:
-
-@itemize @bullet
-@item To Be Written
-@end itemize
-
-@subsection Models With Separate Interrupt Stacks
-
-Upon receipt of an interrupt the XXX family
-members with separate interrupt stacks automatically perform the
-following actions:
-
-@itemize @bullet
-@item saves the current status register (SR),
-
-@item clears the master/interrupt (M) bit of the SR to
-indicate the switch from master state to interrupt state,
-
-@item sets the privilege mode to supervisor,
-
-@item suppresses tracing,
-
-@item sets the interrupt mask level equal to the level of the
-interrupt being serviced,
-
-@item pushes an interrupt stack frame (ISF), which includes
-the program counter (PC), the status register (SR), and the
-format/exception vector offset (FVO) word, onto the supervisor
-and interrupt stacks,
-
-@item switches the current stack to the interrupt stack and
-vectors to an interrupt service routine (ISR). If the ISR was
-installed with the interrupt_catch directive, then the RTEMS
-interrupt handler will begin execution. The RTEMS interrupt
-handler saves all registers which are not preserved according to
-the calling conventions and invokes the application's ISR.
-@end itemize
-
-A nested interrupt is processed similarly by these
-CPU models with the exception that only a single ISF is placed
-on the interrupt stack and the current stack need not be
-switched.
-
-The FVO word in the Interrupt Stack Frame is examined
-by RTEMS to determine when an outer most interrupt is being
-exited. Since the FVO is used by RTEMS for this purpose, the
-user application code MUST NOT modify this field.
-
-The following shows the Interrupt Stack Frame for
-XXX CPU models with separate interrupt stacks:
-
-@ifset use-ascii
-@example
-@group
- +----------------------+
- | Status Register | 0x0
- +----------------------+
- | Program Counter High | 0x2
- +----------------------+
- | Program Counter Low | 0x4
- +----------------------+
- | Format/Vector Offset | 0x6
- +----------------------+
-@end group
-@end example
-@end ifset
-
-@ifset use-tex
-@sp 1
-@tex
-\centerline{\vbox{\offinterlineskip\halign{
-\strut\vrule#&
-\hbox to 2.00in{\enskip\hfil#\hfil}&
-\vrule#&
-\hbox to 0.50in{\enskip\hfil#\hfil}
-\cr
-\multispan{3}\hrulefill\cr
-& Status Register && 0x0\cr
-\multispan{3}\hrulefill\cr
-& Program Counter High && 0x2\cr
-\multispan{3}\hrulefill\cr
-& Program Counter Low && 0x4\cr
-\multispan{3}\hrulefill\cr
-& Format/Vector Offset && 0x6\cr
-\multispan{3}\hrulefill\cr
-}}\hfil}
-@end tex
-@end ifset
-
-@ifset use-html
-@html
-<CENTER>
- <TABLE COLS=2 WIDTH="40%" BORDER=2>
-<TR><TD ALIGN=center><STRONG>Status Register</STRONG></TD>
- <TD ALIGN=center>0x0</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN=center><STRONG>Program Counter High</STRONG></TD>
- <TD ALIGN=center>0x2</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN=center><STRONG>Program Counter Low</STRONG></TD>
- <TD ALIGN=center>0x4</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN=center><STRONG>Format/Vector Offset</STRONG></TD>
- <TD ALIGN=center>0x6</TD></TR>
- </TABLE>
-</CENTER>
-@end html
-@end ifset
-
-@section Interrupt Levels
-
-Eight levels (0-7) of interrupt priorities are
-supported by XXX family members with level seven (7) being
-the highest priority. Level zero (0) indicates that interrupts
-are fully enabled. Interrupt requests for interrupts with
-priorities less than or equal to the current interrupt mask
-level are ignored.
-
-Although RTEMS supports 256 interrupt levels, the
-XXX family only supports eight. RTEMS interrupt levels 0
-through 7 directly correspond to XXX interrupt levels. All
-other RTEMS interrupt levels are undefined and their behavior is
-unpredictable.
-
-@section Disabling of Interrupts by RTEMS
-
-During the execution of directive calls, critical
-sections of code may be executed. When these sections are
-encountered, RTEMS disables interrupts to level seven (7) before
-the execution of this section and restores them to the previous
-level upon completion of the section. RTEMS has been optimized
-to insure that interrupts are disabled for less than
-RTEMS_MAXIMUM_DISABLE_PERIOD microseconds on a
-RTEMS_MAXIMUM_DISABLE_PERIOD_MHZ Mhz processor with
-zero wait states. These numbers will vary based the
-number of wait states and processor speed present on the target board.
-[NOTE: The maximum period with interrupts disabled is hand calculated. This
-calculation was last performed for Release
-RTEMS_RELEASE_FOR_MAXIMUM_DISABLE_PERIOD.]
-
-Non-maskable interrupts (NMI) cannot be disabled, and
-ISRs which execute at this level MUST NEVER issue RTEMS system
-calls. If a directive is invoked, unpredictable results may
-occur due to the inability of RTEMS to protect its critical
-sections. However, ISRs that make no system calls may safely
-execute as non-maskable interrupts.
-
-@section Interrupt Stack
-
-RTEMS allocates the interrupt stack from the
-Workspace Area. The amount of memory allocated for the
-interrupt stack is determined by the interrupt_stack_size field
-in the CPU Configuration Table. During the initialization
-process, RTEMS will install its interrupt stack.
-
-The mips64orion port of RTEMS supports a software managed
-dedicated interrupt stack on those CPU models which do not
-support a separate interrupt stack in hardware.
-
-