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-@c
-@c COPYRIGHT (c) 1988-1999.
-@c On-Line Applications Research Corporation (OAR).
-@c All rights reserved.
-@c
-@c $Id$
-@c
-
-@chapter Debugging Hints
-
-The questions in this category are hints that can ease debugging.
-
-@section Malloc
-
-@subsection Is malloc reentrant?
-
-Yes. The RTEMS Malloc implementation is reentrant. It is
-implemented as calls to the Region Manager in the Classic API.
-
-@subsection When is malloc initialized?
-
-During BSP initialization, the @code{bsp_libc_init} routine
-is called. This routine initializes the heap as well as
-the RTEMS system call layer (open, read, write, etc.) and
-the RTEMS reentrancy support for the Cygnus newlib Standard C
-Library.
-
-The @code{bsp_libc_init} routine is passed the size and starting
-address of the memory area to be used for the program heap as well
-as the amount of memory to ask @code{sbrk} for when the heap is
-exhausted. For most BSPs, all memory available is placed in the
-program heap thus it can not be extended dynamically by calls to
-@code{sbrk}.
-
-@section How do I determine how much memory is left?
-
-First there are two types of memory: RTEMS Workspace and Program Heap.
-The RTEMS Workspace is the memory used by RTEMS to allocate control
-structures for system objects like tasks and semaphores, task
-stacks, and some system data structures like the ready chains.
-The Program Heap is where "malloc'ed" memory comes from.
-
-Both are essentially managed as heaps based on the Heap Manager
-in the RTEMS SuperCore. The RTEMS Workspace uses the Heap Manager
-directly while the Program Heap is actually based on an RTEMS Region
-from the Classic API. RTEMS Regions are in turn based on the Heap
-Manager in the SuperCore.
-
-@subsection How much memory is left in the RTEMS Workspace?
-
-An executive workspace overage can be fairly easily spotted with a
-debugger. Look at _Workspace_Area. If first == last, then there is only
-one free block of memory in the workspace (very likely if no task
-deletions). Then do this:
-
-(gdb) p *(Heap_Block *)_Workspace_Area->first
-$3 = @{back_flag = 1, front_flag = 68552, next = 0x1e260, previous = 0x1e25c@}
-
-In this case, I had 68552 bytes left in the workspace.
-
-@subsection How much memory is left in the Heap?
-
-The C heap is a region so this should work:
-
-(gdb) p *((Region_Control *)_Region_Information->local_table[1])->Memory->first
-$9 = @{back_flag = 1, front_flag = 8058280, next = 0x7ea5b4,
- previous = 0x7ea5b0@}
-
-In this case, the first block on the C Heap has 8,058,280 bytes left.
-
-@section How do I convert an executable to IEEE-695?
-
-This section is based on an email from Andrew Bythell
-<abythell@@nortelnetworks.com> in July 1999.
-
-Using Objcopy to convert m68k-coff to IEEE did not work. The new IEEE
-object could not be read by tools like the XRay BDM Debugger.
-
-The exact nature of this problem is beyond me, but I did narrow it down to a
-problem with objcopy in binutils 2-9.1. To no surprise, others have
-discovered this problem as well, as it has been fixed in later releases.
-
-I compiled a snapshot of the development sources from 07/26/99 and
-everything now works as it should. The development sources are at
-@uref{http://sourceware.cygnus.com/binutils} (thanks Ian!)
-
-Additional notes on converting an m68k-coff object for use with XRay (and
-others):
-
-@enumerate
-
-
-@item The m68k-coff object must be built with the -gstabs+ flag. The -g flag
-alone didn't work for me.
-
-@item Run Objcopy with the --debugging flag to copy debugging information.
-
-@end enumerate
-
-