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+% treedef.tex
+%
+% These definitions for tree macros are taken from "Trees in TeX",
+% by David Eppstein, as published in TUGboat 6#1, March 1985.
+% David Eppstein's address (as of 15 June 1988) is
+% Computer Science Department
+% Columbia University
+% New York, NY 10027
+% Eppstein@cs.Columbia.edu
+%
+% Tree -- a macro to make aligned (horizontal) trees in TeX
+%
+% Input is of the form
+% \tree
+% item
+% \subtree
+% \leaf{item}
+% .
+% .
+% .
+% \endsubtree
+% \subtree
+% .
+% .
+% .
+% \endsubtree
+% \endsubtree
+% \endtree
+%
+% Nesting is to any level. \leaf is defined as a subtree of one item:
+% \def\leaf#1{\subtree#1\endsubtree}.
+%
+% A structure:
+% \subtree
+% item_part1
+% item_part2
+% .
+% .
+% .
+%
+% will print item_part2 directly below item_part1 as a single item
+% as if they were in a \box.
+%
+% The macro is a 3-pass macro. On the first pass it sets up a data
+% structure from the \subtree ... \endsubtree definitions. On the second pass
+% it recursively calculates the width of each level of the tree. On the third
+% pass it sets up the boxes, glue and rules.
+%
+% By David Eppstein, TUGboat, vol. 6 (1985), no. 1, pp. 31--35.
+% Transcribed by Margaret Kromer (peg), Feb., 1986.
+%
+% Pass 1
+% At the end of pass 1, the tree is coded as a nested collection of \hboxes
+% and \vboxes.
+\newbox\treebox\newcount\treeboxcnt
+\def\tree{\message{Begin tree}\treeboxcnt=1\global\setbox\treebox=\boxtree}
+\def\subtree{\ettext \advance\treeboxcnt by 1 \boxtree}
+\def\leaf#1{\subtree#1\endsubtree}
+\def\endsubtree{\ettext \egroup \advance\treeboxcnt-1{}%
+ \ifnum\treeboxcnt=-1 \treeerrora\fi}
+\def\endtree{\endsubtree \ifnum\treeboxcnt>0 \treeerrorb\fi%
+ \settreesizes \typesettree \message{-- end tree}}
+% Error messages for unbalanced tree
+\def\treeerrora{\errhelp=\treeerrorahelp%
+ \errmessage{Unbalanced tree -- too many endsubtrees}}
+\newhelp\treeerrorahelp{There are more subtrees closed than opened}
+\def\treeerrorb{\errhelp=\treeerrorbhelp%
+ \errmessage{Unbalanced tree -- not enough endsubtrees}}
+\newhelp\treeerrorbhelp{Not all the subtrees of the tree are closed.
+If you continue, you'll get some mysterious secondary errors.}
+% Set up \vbox containing root of tree
+\newif\iftreetext\treetextfalse % Whether still aligning text
+\def\boxtree{\hbox\bgroup % Start outer box of tree or subtree
+ \baselineskip 2.5ex % Narrow line spacing slightly
+ \tabskip 0pt % No spurious glue in alignment
+ \vbox\bgroup % Start inner text \vbox
+ \treetexttrue % Remember for \ettext
+ \let\par\crcr \obeylines % New line breaks without explicit \cr
+ \halign\bgroup##\hfil\cr} % Start alignment with simple template
+\def\ettext{\iftreetext % Are we still in inner text \vbox?
+ \crcr\egroup \egroup \fi} % Yes, end alignment and box
+% Pass 2
+% Recursively calculate widths of tree with \setsizes; keep results in
+% \treesizes; \treewidth contains total width calculated so far. \treeworkbox
+% is workspace containing subtree being sized.
+\newbox\treeworkbox
+\def\cons#1#2{\edef#2{\xmark #1#2}} % Add something to start of list
+\def\car#1{\expandafter\docar#1\docar} % Take first element of list
+\def\docar\xmark#1\xmark#2\docar{#1} % ..by ignoring rest in expansion
+\def\cdr#1{\expandafter\docdr#1\docdr#1}% Similarly, drop first element
+\def\docdr\xmark#1\xmark#2\docdr#3{\def#3{\xmark #2}}
+\def\xmark{\noexpand\xmark} % List separator expands to self
+\def\nil{\xmark} % Empty list is just separator
+\def\settreesizes{\setbox\treeworkbox=\copy\treebox%
+ \global\let\treesizes\nil \setsizes}
+\newdimen\treewidth % Width of this part of the tree
+\def\setsizes{\setbox\treeworkbox=\hbox\bgroup% Get a horiz list as a workspace
+ \unhbox\treeworkbox\unskip % Take tree, unpack it into horiz list
+ \inittreewidth % Get old width at this level
+ \sizesubtrees % Recurse through all subtrees
+ \sizelevel % Now set width from remaining \vbox
+ \egroup} % All done, finish our \hbox
+\def\inittreewidth{\ifx\treesizes\nil % If this is the first at this level
+ \treewidth=0pt % ..then we have no previous max width
+ \else \treewidth=\car\treesizes % Otherwise take old max level width
+ \global\cdr\treesizes % ..and advance level width storage
+ \fi} % ..in preparation for next level.
+\def\sizesubtrees{\loop % For each box in horiz list (subtree)
+ \setbox\treeworkbox=\lastbox \unskip % ..pull it off list and flush glue
+ \ifhbox\treeworkbox \setsizes % If hbox, it's a subtree - recurse
+ \repeat} % ..and loop; end loop on tree text
+\def\sizelevel{%
+ \ifdim\treewidth<\wd\treeworkbox % If greater than previous maximum
+ \treewidth=\wd\treeworkbox \fi % Then set max to new high
+ \global\cons{\the\treewidth}\treesizes}% In either case, put back on list
+% Pass 3
+% Recursively typeset tree with \maketree by adding an \hbox containing
+% a subtree (in \treebox) to the horizontal list.
+\newdimen\treeheight % Height of this part of the tree
+\newif\ifleaf % Tree has no subtrees (is a leaf)
+\newif\ifbotsub % Bottom subtree of parent
+\newif\iftopsub % Top subtree of parent
+\def\typesettree{\medskip\maketree\medskip} % Make whole tree
+\def\maketree{\hbox{\treewidth=\car\treesizes % Get width at this level
+ \cdr\treesizes % Set up width list for recursion
+ \makesubtreebox\unskip % Set \treebox to text, make subtrees
+ \ifleaf \makeleaf % No subtrees, add glue
+ \else \makeparent \fi}} % Have subtrees, stick them at right
+{\catcode`@=11 % Be able to use \voidb@x
+\gdef\makesubtreebox{\unhbox\treebox % Open up tree or subtree
+ \unskip\global\setbox\treebox\lastbox % Pick up very last box
+ \ifvbox\treebox % If we're already at the \vbox
+ \global\leaftrue \let\next\relax % ..then this is a leaf
+ \else \botsubtrue % Otherwise, we have subtrees
+ \setbox\treeworkbox\box\voidb@x % Init stack of processed subs
+ \botsubtrue \let\next\makesubtree % ..and call \maketree on them
+ \fi \next}} % Finish up for whichever it was
+\def\makesubtree{\setbox1\maketree % Call \maketree on this subtree
+ \unskip\global\setbox\treebox\lastbox % Pick up box before it
+ \treeheight=\ht1 % Get height of subtree we made
+ \advance\treeheight 2ex % Add some room around the edges
+ \ifhbox\treebox \topsubfalse % If picked up box is a \vbox,
+ \else \topsubtrue \fi % ..this is the top, otherwise not
+ \addsubtreebox % Stack subtree with the rest
+ \iftopsub \global\leaffalse % If top, remember not a leaf
+ \let\next\relax \else % ..(after recursion), set return
+ \botsubfalse \let\next\makesubtree % Otherwise, we have more subtrees
+ \fi \next} % Do tail recursion or return
+\def\addsubtreebox{\setbox\treeworkbox=\vbox{\subtreebox\unvbox\treeworkbox}}
+\def\subtreebox{\hbox\bgroup % Start \hbox of tree and lines
+ \vbox to \treeheight\bgroup % Start \vbox for vertical rules
+ \ifbotsub \iftopsub \vfil % If both bottom and top subtree
+ \hrule width 0.4pt % ..vertical rule is just a dot
+ \else \treehalfrule \fi \vfil % Bottom gets half-height rule
+ \else \iftopsub \vfil \treehalfrule % Top gets half-height the other way
+ \else \hrule width 0.4pt height \treeheight \fi\fi % Middle, full height
+ \egroup % Finish vertical rule \vbox
+ \treectrbox{\hrule width 1em}\hskip 0.2em\treectrbox{\box1}\egroup}
+\def\treectrbox#1{\vbox to \treeheight{\vfil #1\vfil}}
+\def\treehalfrule{\dimen\treeworkbox=\treeheight % Get total height
+ \divide\dimen\treeworkbox 2%
+ \advance\dimen\treeworkbox 0.2pt % Divide by two, add half horiz height
+ \hrule width 0.4pt height \dimen\treeworkbox}% Make a vertical rule that high
+\def\makeleaf{\box\treebox} % Add leaf box to horiz list
+\def\makeparent{\ifdim\ht\treebox>%
+ \ht\treeworkbox % If text is higher than subtrees
+ \treeheight=\ht\treebox % ..use that height
+ \else \treeheight=\ht\treeworkbox \fi % Otherwise use height of subtrees
+ \advance\treewidth-\wd\treebox % Take remainder of level width
+ \advance\treewidth 1em % ..after accounting for text and glue
+ \treectrbox{\box\treebox}\hskip 0.2em % Add text, space before connection
+\treectrbox{\hrule width \treewidth}%
+ \treectrbox{\box\treeworkbox}} % Add \hrule, subs
+
+************************************************
+% Plain TeX driver for tree.tex
+
+\def\uncatcodespecials{\catcode`@=12\def\do##1{\catcode`##1=12}\dospecials}
+\def\setupverbatim{\tt\obeylines\uncatcodespecials\obeyspaces}
+{\obeyspaces\global\let =\ }
+\def\beginshowoff{\par\begingroup\setupverbatim\doverbatim}
+{\catcode`\!=0 \catcode`\\=12
+!obeylines!gdef!doverbatim^^M#1\endshowoff{#1!endgroup!medbreak!filbreak%
+!smallskip}}
+
+% see The TeXbook, exercise 22.14
+%\input tree.tex
+\centerline{\bf TREE TREE}
+\bigskip
+\tree
+ {Tree}
+ Uses
+ \subtree
+ Computer
+ Science
+ \subtree
+ Data
+ Structures
+ \leaf{Search Tree}
+ \leaf{Priority Queue}
+ \endsubtree
+ \subtree
+ Parsing
+ \leaf{Parse Tree}
+ \leaf{Symbol Table}
+ \endsubtree
+ \subtree
+ Structured
+ Programming
+ \endsubtree
+ \endsubtree
+ \subtree
+ Genealogy
+ \leaf{Ancestors}
+ \leaf{Descendants}
+ \endsubtree
+ \subtree
+ Electrical
+ Engineering
+ \subtree
+ Paper
+ \leaf{{\it Vitae}}
+ \leaf{Announcements}
+ \leaf{Proposals}
+ \leaf{\TeX{} Samples}
+ \endsubtree
+ \endsubtree
+ \subtree
+ Construction
+ \leaf{Fences}
+ \subtree
+ Buildings
+ \subtree
+ Houses
+ \leaf{Human}
+ \leaf{Dog}
+ \leaf{Bird}
+ \leaf{Tree}
+ \endsubtree
+ \leaf{Barns}
+ \leaf{Other}
+ \endsubtree
+ \leaf{\dots}
+ \endsubtree
+ \subtree
+ Taxonomies
+ \leaf{Tree Uses}
+ \endsubtree
+\endtree
+
+\vskip.5truein
+\beginshowoff
+% see The TeXbook, exercise 22.14
+\input tree.tex
+\centerline{TREE TREE}
+\bigskip
+\tree
+ Tree
+ Uses
+ \subtree
+ Computer
+ Science
+ \subtree
+ Data
+ Structures
+ \leaf{Search Tree}
+ \leaf{Priority Queue}
+ \endsubtree
+ \subtree
+ Parsing
+ \leaf{Parse Tree}
+ \leaf{Symbol Table}
+ \endsubtree
+ \subtree
+ Structured
+ Programming
+ \endsubtree
+ \endsubtree
+ \subtree
+ Genealogy
+ \leaf{Ancestors}
+ \leaf{Descendants}
+ \endsubtree
+ \subtree
+ Electrical
+ Engineering
+ \subtree
+ Paper
+ \leaf{{\it Vitae}}
+ \leaf{Announcements}
+ \leaf{Proposals}
+ \leaf{\TeX{} Samples}
+ \endsubtree
+ \endsubtree
+ \subtree
+ Construction
+ \leaf{Fences}
+ \subtree
+ Buildings
+ \subtree
+ Houses
+ \leaf{Human}
+ \leaf{Dog}
+ \leaf{Bird}
+ \leaf{Tree}
+ \endsubtree
+ \leaf{Barns}
+ \leaf{Other}
+ \endsubtree
+ \leaf{\dots}
+ \endsubtree
+ \subtree
+ Taxonomies
+ \leaf{Tree Uses}
+ \endsubtree
+\endtree
+\endshowoff