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authorJoel Sherrill <joel.sherrill@OARcorp.com>2006-08-23 19:11:14 +0000
committerJoel Sherrill <joel.sherrill@OARcorp.com>2006-08-23 19:11:14 +0000
commit83fb86f32b73942be758c22423c0bfe506fd4ff6 (patch)
treed51a136781eaccf67bfb2addfbe5330d9aed4791 /doc/supplements/m68k/intr_NOTIMES.t
parent2006-08-23 Joel Sherrill <joel@OARcorp.com> (diff)
downloadrtems-83fb86f32b73942be758c22423c0bfe506fd4ff6.tar.bz2
2006-08-23 Joel Sherrill <joel@OARcorp.com>
* Makefile.am, configure.ac, FAQ/stamp-vti, FAQ/version.texi, common/cpright.texi: Merging CPU Supplements into a single document. As part of this removed the obsolete and impossible to maintain size and timing information. * cpu_supplement/.cvsignore, cpu_supplement/Makefile.am, cpu_supplement/arm.t, cpu_supplement/i386.t, cpu_supplement/m68k.t, cpu_supplement/mips.t, cpu_supplement/powerpc.t, cpu_supplement/preface.texi, cpu_supplement/sh.t, cpu_supplement/sparc.t, cpu_supplement/tic4x.t: New files. * supplements/.cvsignore, supplements/Makefile.am, supplements/supplement.am, supplements/arm/.cvsignore, supplements/arm/BSP_TIMES, supplements/arm/ChangeLog, supplements/arm/Makefile.am, supplements/arm/arm.texi, supplements/arm/bsp.t, supplements/arm/callconv.t, supplements/arm/cpumodel.t, supplements/arm/cputable.t, supplements/arm/fatalerr.t, supplements/arm/intr_NOTIMES.t, supplements/arm/memmodel.t, supplements/arm/preface.texi, supplements/arm/timeBSP.t, supplements/c4x/.cvsignore, supplements/c4x/BSP_TIMES, supplements/c4x/ChangeLog, supplements/c4x/Makefile.am, supplements/c4x/bsp.t, supplements/c4x/c4x.texi, supplements/c4x/callconv.t, supplements/c4x/cpumodel.t, supplements/c4x/cputable.t, supplements/c4x/fatalerr.t, supplements/c4x/intr_NOTIMES.t, supplements/c4x/memmodel.t, supplements/c4x/preface.texi, supplements/c4x/timeBSP.t, supplements/i386/.cvsignore, supplements/i386/ChangeLog, supplements/i386/FORCE386_TIMES, supplements/i386/Makefile.am, supplements/i386/bsp.t, supplements/i386/callconv.t, supplements/i386/cpumodel.t, supplements/i386/cputable.t, supplements/i386/fatalerr.t, supplements/i386/i386.texi, supplements/i386/intr_NOTIMES.t, supplements/i386/memmodel.t, supplements/i386/preface.texi, supplements/i386/timeFORCE386.t, supplements/m68k/.cvsignore, supplements/m68k/ChangeLog, supplements/m68k/MVME136_TIMES, supplements/m68k/Makefile.am, supplements/m68k/bsp.t, supplements/m68k/callconv.t, supplements/m68k/cpumodel.t, supplements/m68k/cputable.t, supplements/m68k/fatalerr.t, supplements/m68k/intr_NOTIMES.t, supplements/m68k/m68k.texi, supplements/m68k/memmodel.t, supplements/m68k/preface.texi, supplements/m68k/timeMVME136.t, supplements/m68k/timedata.t, supplements/mips/.cvsignore, supplements/mips/BSP_TIMES, supplements/mips/ChangeLog, supplements/mips/Makefile.am, supplements/mips/bsp.t, supplements/mips/callconv.t, supplements/mips/cpumodel.t, supplements/mips/cputable.t, supplements/mips/fatalerr.t, supplements/mips/intr_NOTIMES.t, supplements/mips/memmodel.t, supplements/mips/mips.texi, supplements/mips/preface.texi, supplements/mips/timeBSP.t, supplements/powerpc/.cvsignore, supplements/powerpc/ChangeLog, supplements/powerpc/DMV177_TIMES, supplements/powerpc/Makefile.am, supplements/powerpc/PSIM_TIMES, supplements/powerpc/bsp.t, supplements/powerpc/callconv.t, supplements/powerpc/cpumodel.t, supplements/powerpc/cputable.t, supplements/powerpc/fatalerr.t, supplements/powerpc/intr_NOTIMES.t, supplements/powerpc/memmodel.t, supplements/powerpc/powerpc.texi, supplements/powerpc/preface.texi, supplements/powerpc/timeDMV177.t, supplements/powerpc/timePSIM.t, supplements/sh/.cvsignore, supplements/sh/BSP_TIMES, supplements/sh/ChangeLog, supplements/sh/Makefile.am, supplements/sh/bsp.t, supplements/sh/callconv.t, supplements/sh/cpumodel.t, supplements/sh/cputable.t, supplements/sh/fatalerr.t, supplements/sh/intr_NOTIMES.t, supplements/sh/memmodel.t, supplements/sh/preface.texi, supplements/sh/sh.texi, supplements/sh/timeBSP.t, supplements/sparc/.cvsignore, supplements/sparc/ChangeLog, supplements/sparc/ERC32_TIMES, supplements/sparc/Makefile.am, supplements/sparc/bsp.t, supplements/sparc/callconv.t, supplements/sparc/cpumodel.t, supplements/sparc/cputable.t, supplements/sparc/fatalerr.t, supplements/sparc/intr_NOTIMES.t, supplements/sparc/memmodel.t, supplements/sparc/preface.texi, supplements/sparc/sparc.texi, supplements/sparc/timeERC32.t, supplements/template/.cvsignore, supplements/template/BSP_TIMES, supplements/template/ChangeLog, supplements/template/Makefile.am, supplements/template/bsp.t, supplements/template/callconv.t, supplements/template/cpumodel.t, supplements/template/cputable.t, supplements/template/fatalerr.t, supplements/template/intr_NOTIMES.t, supplements/template/memmodel.t, supplements/template/preface.texi, supplements/template/template.texi, supplements/template/timeBSP.t: Removed.
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-@c
-@c Interrupt Stack Frame Picture
-@c
-@c COPYRIGHT (c) 1988-2002.
-@c On-Line Applications Research Corporation (OAR).
-@c All rights reserved.
-@c
-@c $Id$
-@c
-
-@chapter Interrupt Processing
-
-@section Introduction
-
-Different types of processors respond to the
-occurrence of an interrupt in its own unique fashion. In
-addition, each processor type provides a control mechanism to
-allow for the proper handling of an interrupt. The processor
-dependent response to the interrupt modifies the current
-execution state and results in a change in the execution stream.
-Most processors require that an interrupt handler utilize some
-special control mechanisms to return to the normal processing
-stream. Although RTEMS hides many of the processor dependent
-details of interrupt processing, it is important to understand
-how the RTEMS interrupt manager is mapped onto the processor's
-unique architecture. Discussed in this chapter are the MC68xxx's
-interrupt response and control mechanisms as they pertain to
-RTEMS.
-
-@section Vectoring of an Interrupt Handler
-
-Depending on whether or not the particular CPU
-supports a separate interrupt stack, the MC68xxx family has two
-different interrupt handling models.
-
-@subsection Models Without Separate Interrupt Stacks
-
-Upon receipt of an interrupt the MC68xxx family
-members without separate interrupt stacks automatically perform
-the following actions:
-
-@itemize @bullet
-@item To Be Written
-@end itemize
-
-@subsection Models With Separate Interrupt Stacks
-
-Upon receipt of an interrupt the MC68xxx family
-members with separate interrupt stacks automatically perform the
-following actions:
-
-@itemize @bullet
-@item saves the current status register (SR),
-
-@item clears the master/interrupt (M) bit of the SR to
-indicate the switch from master state to interrupt state,
-
-@item sets the privilege mode to supervisor,
-
-@item suppresses tracing,
-
-@item sets the interrupt mask level equal to the level of the
-interrupt being serviced,
-
-@item pushes an interrupt stack frame (ISF), which includes
-the program counter (PC), the status register (SR), and the
-format/exception vector offset (FVO) word, onto the supervisor
-and interrupt stacks,
-
-@item switches the current stack to the interrupt stack and
-vectors to an interrupt service routine (ISR). If the ISR was
-installed with the interrupt_catch directive, then the RTEMS
-interrupt handler will begin execution. The RTEMS interrupt
-handler saves all registers which are not preserved according to
-the calling conventions and invokes the application's ISR.
-@end itemize
-
-A nested interrupt is processed similarly by these
-CPU models with the exception that only a single ISF is placed
-on the interrupt stack and the current stack need not be
-switched.
-
-The FVO word in the Interrupt Stack Frame is examined
-by RTEMS to determine when an outer most interrupt is being
-exited. Since the FVO is used by RTEMS for this purpose, the
-user application code MUST NOT modify this field.
-
-The following shows the Interrupt Stack Frame for
-MC68xxx CPU models with separate interrupt stacks:
-
-@ifset use-ascii
-@example
-@group
- +----------------------+
- | Status Register | 0x0
- +----------------------+
- | Program Counter High | 0x2
- +----------------------+
- | Program Counter Low | 0x4
- +----------------------+
- | Format/Vector Offset | 0x6
- +----------------------+
-@end group
-@end example
-@end ifset
-
-@ifset use-tex
-@sp 1
-@tex
-\centerline{\vbox{\offinterlineskip\halign{
-\strut\vrule#&
-\hbox to 2.00in{\enskip\hfil#\hfil}&
-\vrule#&
-\hbox to 0.50in{\enskip\hfil#\hfil}
-\cr
-\multispan{3}\hrulefill\cr
-& Status Register && 0x0\cr
-\multispan{3}\hrulefill\cr
-& Program Counter High && 0x2\cr
-\multispan{3}\hrulefill\cr
-& Program Counter Low && 0x4\cr
-\multispan{3}\hrulefill\cr
-& Format/Vector Offset && 0x6\cr
-\multispan{3}\hrulefill\cr
-}}\hfil}
-@end tex
-@end ifset
-
-@ifset use-html
-@html
-<CENTER>
- <TABLE COLS=2 WIDTH="40%" BORDER=2>
-<TR><TD ALIGN=center><STRONG>Status Register</STRONG></TD>
- <TD ALIGN=center>0x0</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN=center><STRONG>Program Counter High</STRONG></TD>
- <TD ALIGN=center>0x2</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN=center><STRONG>Program Counter Low</STRONG></TD>
- <TD ALIGN=center>0x4</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN=center><STRONG>Format/Vector Offset</STRONG></TD>
- <TD ALIGN=center>0x6</TD></TR>
- </TABLE>
-</CENTER>
-@end html
-@end ifset
-
-@section CPU Models Without VBR and RAM at 0
-
-This is from a post by Zoltan Kocsi <zoltan@@bendor.com.au> and is
-a nice trick in certain situations. In his words:
-
-I think somebody on this list asked about the interupt vector
-handling w/o VBR and RAM at 0. The usual trick is
-to initialise the vector table (except the first 2 two entries, of
-course) to point to the same location BUT you also add the vector
-number times 0x1000000 to them. That is, bits 31-24 contain the vector
-number and 23-0 the address of the common handler.
-Since the PC is 32 bit wide but the actual address bus is only 24,
-the top byte will be in the PC but will be ignored when jumping
-onto your routine.
-
-Then your common interrupt routine gets this info by loading the PC
-into some register and based on that info, you can jump to a vector
-in a vector table pointed by a virtual VBR:
-
-@example
-//
-// Real vector table at 0
-//
-
- .long initial_sp
- .long initial_pc
- .long myhandler+0x02000000
- .long myhandler+0x03000000
- .long myhandler+0x04000000
- ...
- .long myhandler+0xff000000
-
-
-//
-// This handler will jump to the interrupt routine of which
-// the address is stored at VBR[ vector_no ]
-// The registers and stackframe will be intact, the interrupt
-// routine will see exactly what it would see if it was called
-// directly from the HW vector table at 0.
-//
-
- .comm VBR,4,2 // This defines the 'virtual' VBR
- // From C: extern void *VBR;
-
-myhandler: // At entry, PC contains the full vector
- move.l %d0,-(%sp) // Save d0
- move.l %a0,-(%sp) // Save a0
- lea 0(%pc),%a0 // Get the value of the PC
- move.l %a0,%d0 // Copy it to a data reg, d0 is VV??????
- swap %d0 // Now d0 is ????VV??
- and.w #0xff00,%d0 // Now d0 is ????VV00 (1)
- lsr.w #6,%d0 // Now d0.w contains the VBR table offset
- move.l VBR,%a0 // Get the address from VBR to a0
- move.l (%a0,%d0.w),%a0 // Fetch the vector
- move.l 4(%sp),%d0 // Restore d0
- move.l %a0,4(%sp) // Place target address to the stack
- move.l (%sp)+,%a0 // Restore a0, target address is on TOS
- ret // This will jump to the handler and
- // restore the stack
-
-(1) If 'myhandler' is guaranteed to be in the first 64K, e.g. just
- after the vector table then that insn is not needed.
-
-@end example
-
-There are probably shorter ways to do this, but it I believe is enough
-to illustrate the trick. Optimisation is left as an exercise to the
-reader :-)
-
-
-@section Interrupt Levels
-
-Eight levels (0-7) of interrupt priorities are
-supported by MC68xxx family members with level seven (7) being
-the highest priority. Level zero (0) indicates that interrupts
-are fully enabled. Interrupt requests for interrupts with
-priorities less than or equal to the current interrupt mask
-level are ignored.
-
-Although RTEMS supports 256 interrupt levels, the
-MC68xxx family only supports eight. RTEMS interrupt levels 0
-through 7 directly correspond to MC68xxx interrupt levels. All
-other RTEMS interrupt levels are undefined and their behavior is
-unpredictable.
-
-@section Disabling of Interrupts by RTEMS
-
-During the execution of directive calls, critical
-sections of code may be executed. When these sections are
-encountered, RTEMS disables interrupts to level seven (7) before
-the execution of this section and restores them to the previous
-level upon completion of the section. RTEMS has been optimized
-to insure that interrupts are disabled for less than
-RTEMS_MAXIMUM_DISABLE_PERIOD microseconds on a
-RTEMS_MAXIMUM_DISABLE_PERIOD_MHZ Mhz MC68020 with
-zero wait states. These numbers will vary based the
-number of wait states and processor speed present on the target board.
-[NOTE: The maximum period with interrupts disabled is hand calculated. This
-calculation was last performed for Release
-RTEMS_RELEASE_FOR_MAXIMUM_DISABLE_PERIOD.]
-
-Non-maskable interrupts (NMI) cannot be disabled, and
-ISRs which execute at this level MUST NEVER issue RTEMS system
-calls. If a directive is invoked, unpredictable results may
-occur due to the inability of RTEMS to protect its critical
-sections. However, ISRs that make no system calls may safely
-execute as non-maskable interrupts.
-
-@section Interrupt Stack
-
-RTEMS allocates the interrupt stack from the
-Workspace Area. The amount of memory allocated for the
-interrupt stack is determined by the interrupt_stack_size field
-in the CPU Configuration Table. During the initialization
-process, RTEMS will install its interrupt stack.
-
-The MC68xxx port of RTEMS supports a software managed
-dedicated interrupt stack on those CPU models which do not
-support a separate interrupt stack in hardware.
-
-