From 86518bd3ddeecc23d93344f085b042246e4adfdf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Chris Johns Date: Mon, 4 Jul 2016 12:30:09 +1000 Subject: Reorganisse the User Manual to make it easier to navigate. --- user/hosts/index.rst | 50 +++++++ user/hosts/macos.rst | 21 +++ user/hosts/os.rst | 32 +++++ user/hosts/posix.rst | 39 +++++ user/hosts/windows.rst | 375 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 5 files changed, 517 insertions(+) create mode 100644 user/hosts/index.rst create mode 100644 user/hosts/macos.rst create mode 100644 user/hosts/os.rst create mode 100644 user/hosts/posix.rst create mode 100644 user/hosts/windows.rst (limited to 'user/hosts') diff --git a/user/hosts/index.rst b/user/hosts/index.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5d562e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/user/hosts/index.rst @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ +.. comment SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-SA-4.0 + +.. comment: Copyright (c) 2016 Chris Johns +.. comment: All rights reserved. + +.. _host-computer: + +.. _development-host: + +Host Computer +------------- +.. index:: Host Computer + +RTEMS applications are developed using cross-development tools running on a +development computer, more often called the host computer. These are typically +your desktop machine or a special build server. All RTEMS tools and runtime +libraries are built from source on your host machine. The RTEMS Project does +not maintain binary builds of the tools. This differs to what you normally +experience with host operating systems, and it is, however this approach works +well. RTEMS is not a host operating system and it is not a +distrbution. Deploying binary packages for every possible host operating system +is too big a task for the RTEMS Project and it is not a good use of core +developer time. Their time is better spent making RTEMS better and faster. + +The RTEMS Project's aim is to give you complete freedom to decide on the +languages used in your project, which version control system, and the build +system for your application. + +The rule for selecting a computer for a developer is `more is better` but we do +understand there are limits. Projects set up different configurations, some +have a development machine per developer while others set up a tightly +controlled central build server. RTEMS Ecosystem is flexible and lets you +engineer a development environment that suites you. The basic specs are: + +- Multicore processor +- 8G bytes RAM +- 256G harddisk + +RTEMS makes no demands on graphics. + +If you are using a VM or your host computer is not a fast modern machine do not +be concerned. The tools may take longer to build than faster hardware however +building tools is something you do once. Once the tools and RTEMS is built all +your time can be spent writing and developing your application. Over an hour +can happen and for the ARM architecture and with all BSPs it can be many hours. + +.. include:: os.rst +.. include:: posix.rst +.. include:: macos.rst +.. include:: windows.rst diff --git a/user/hosts/macos.rst b/user/hosts/macos.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..426b303 --- /dev/null +++ b/user/hosts/macos.rst @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +.. comment SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-SA-4.0 + +.. comment: Copyright (c) 2016 Chris Johns +.. comment: All rights reserved. + +.. _macos: + +Apple OS X +~~~~~~~~~~ + +Apple's OS X is fully supported. You need to download and install a recent +version of the Apple developer application Xcode. Xocde is available in the App +Store. Make sure you install the Command Line Tools add on available for +download within Xcode and once installed open a Terminal shell and enter the +command ``cc`` and accept the license agreement. + +The normal prefix when working on OS X as a user is under your home directory. +Prefixes of :file:`$HOME/development/rtems` or :file:`$HOME/rtems` are +suitable. + +:ref:`prefixes` details using Prefixes to manage the installation. diff --git a/user/hosts/os.rst b/user/hosts/os.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9197144 --- /dev/null +++ b/user/hosts/os.rst @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +.. comment SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-SA-4.0 + +.. comment: Copyright (c) 2016 Chris Johns +.. comment: All rights reserved. + +.. _host-os: + +Host Operating Systems +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +.. sidebar:: *GDB and Python* + + RTEMS uses Python in GDB to aid debugging which means GDB needs to be built + with Python development libraries. Please check the RSB documentation and + install the packages specified for your host. Make sure a python development + package is included. + +A wide range of host operating systems and hardware can be used. The host +operating systems supported are: + +- Linux +- FreeBSD +- NetBSD +- Apple OS X +- Windows +- Solaris + +The functionality on a POSIX operating such as Linux and FreeBSD is similar and +most features on Windows are supported but you are best to ask on the +:r:list:`users` if you have a specific question. + +We recommend you maintain your operating system by installing any updates. diff --git a/user/hosts/posix.rst b/user/hosts/posix.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fd4fb6c --- /dev/null +++ b/user/hosts/posix.rst @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +.. comment SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-SA-4.0 + +.. comment: Copyright (c) 2016 Chris Johns +.. comment: All rights reserved. + +.. _posix-hosts: + +POSIX Hosts +~~~~~~~~~~~ + +POSIX hosts are most Unix operating systems such as Linux, FreeBSD and +NetBSD. RTEMS development works well on Unix and can scale from a single user +and a desktop machine to a team with decentralised or centralised development +infrastructure. + +Root Access +^^^^^^^^^^^ + +You either have ``root`` access to your host development machine or you do +not. Some users are given hardware that is centrally managed. If you do not +have ``root`` access you can create your work environment in your home +directory. You could use a prefix of :file:`$HOME/development/rtems` or +:file:`$HOME/rtems`. Note, the ``$HOME`` environment variable can be +substituted with ``~``. + +:ref:`prefixes` details using Prefixes to manage the installation. + +RTEMS Tools and packages do not require ``root`` access +to be built and we encourage you to not build the tools as ``root``. If you +need to control write access then it is best to manage this with groups +assigned to users. + +If you have ``root`` access you can decide to install the tools under any +suitable prefix. This may depend on the hardware in your host development +machine. If the machine is a centralised build server the prefix may be used to +separate production versions from the test versions and the prefix paths may +have restricted access rights to only those who manage and have configuration +control of the machine. We call this project sandboxing and +:ref:`project-sandboxing` explains this in more detail. diff --git a/user/hosts/windows.rst b/user/hosts/windows.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..093fa31 --- /dev/null +++ b/user/hosts/windows.rst @@ -0,0 +1,375 @@ +.. comment SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-SA-4.0 + +.. comment: Copyright (c) 2016 Chris Johns +.. comment: All rights reserved. + +.. _microsoft-windows: + +Microsoft Windows +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +RTEMS supports Windows as a development host and the tools for most +architectures are available. The RTEMS Project relies on the GNU tools for +compilers and debuggers and we use the simulators that come with GDB and +QEMU. The Windows support for these tools varies and the RTEMS Project is +committed to helping the open source community improve the Windows +experience. If something is not working or supported please email the +:r:list:`users`. + +The RTEMS Project's Windows tools are native Windows executables giving the +user the best possible experience on Windows. Native Windows programs use the +standard Windows DLLs and paths. Integration with standard Windows integrated +development tools such as editors is straight forward. POSIX emulation +environments such as Cygwin and the MSYS2 shell have special executables that +require a POSIX emulation DLL and these emulation DLLs add an extra layer of +complexity as well as a performance over-head. The RTEMS Project uses these +POSIX emulation shells to run configure scripts that come with various open +source packages such as `gcc` so they form an important and valued part of the +environment we describe here. The output of this procedure forms the tools you +use during your application development and they do not depend on the emulation +DLLs. + +The performance of the compiler is as good as you can have on Windows and the +performance compiling a single file will be similar to that on a host like +Linux or FreeBSD given the same hardware. Building the tools from source is +much slower on Windows because POSIX shells and related tools are used and the +POSIX emulation overhead it much much slower than a native POSIX operating +system like Linux and FreeBSD. This overhead is only during the building of the +tools and the RTEMS kernel and if you use a suitable build system that is +native to Windows your application development should be similar to other +operating systems. + +Building is known to work on `Windows 7 64bit Professional` and `Windows 10`. + +.. _windows-path-length: + +Windows Path Length +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +Windows path length is limited and can cause problems when building the +tools. The standard Windows API has a ``MAX_PATH`` length of 260 +characters. This can effect some of the tools used by RTEMS. It is recommended +you keep the top level directories as short as possible when building the RTEMS +tools and you should also keep an eye on the path length when developing your +application. The RTEMS built tools can handle much longer path lengths however +some of the GNU tools such as those in the ``binutils`` package cannot. + +The release packages of the RSB when unpacked have top level file names that +are too big to build RTEMS. You need to change or rename that path to something +smaller to build. This is indicated in :ref:`released-version`. + +.. _msys2_parallel_builds: + +Parallel Builds with Make +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +The MSYS2 GNU ``make`` has problems when using the `jobs` option. The RSB +defaults to automatically using as many cores as the host machine has. To get a +successful build on Windows it is recommended you add the ``--jobs=none`` +option to all RSB build set commands. + +POSIX Support +^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +Building the RTEMS compilers, debugger, the RTEMS kernel and a number of other +3rd party packages requires a POSIX environment. On Windows you can use Cygwin +or MSYS2. This document focuses on MSYS2. It is smaller than Cygwin and comes +with the Arch Linux package manager ``pacman``. + +MSYS2 provides MinGW64 support as well as a POSIX shell called MSYS2. The +MinGW64 compiler and related tools produce 64bit native Windows +executables. The shell is a standard Bourne shell and the MSYS2 environment is +a stripped Cygwin shell with enough support to run the various ``configure`` +scripts needed to build the RTEMS tools and the RTEMS kernel. + +MSYS2 is built around the ``pacman`` packaging tool. This makes MSYS2 a +distribution and that is a welcome feature on Windows. You get a powerful tool +to manage your development environment on Windows. + +Python +^^^^^^ + +We need Python to build the tools as the RSB is written in Python and we need +suitable Python libraries to link to GDB as RTEMS makes use of GDB's Python +support. This places specific demands on the Python we need installed and +available and MSYS2 provides suitable Python versions we can use. You need to +make sure you have the correct type and version of Python installed. + +We cannot use the Python executables created by the Python project (python.org) +as they are built by Microsoft's C (MSC) compiler. Linking the MSC Python +libraries with the MinGW64 executables is not easy and MSYS provides us with a +simple solution so we do not support linking MSC libraries. + +MSYS2 provides two types and two versions of Python executables, MinGW and MSYS +and Python version 2 and 3. For Windows we need the MinGW executable so we have +suitables libraries and we have to have Python version 2 because on Windows GDB +only builds with Python2. + +You also need to install the MSYS version of Python along with the MinGW64 +Python2 package. The MSYS Python is version 3 and the RSB can support version 2 +and 3 of Python and it helps handle some of the long paths building GCC can +generate. + +.. _microsoft-windows-installation: + +Installing MSYS2 +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +MSYS2 is installed on a new machine using the MSYS2 installer found on +https://msys2.github.io/. Please select the ``x86_64`` variant for 64bit +support. Run the installer following the 7 steps listed on the page. + +MSYS2 uses the ``pacman`` package manager. The Arch Linux project has detailed +documentation on how to use ``pacman``. What is shown here is a just few +examples of what you can do. + +.. sidebar:: **Pin MSYS2 Shell to Taskbar** + + Pin the MSYS2 64bit Shell to the Taskbar so you always use it rather than the + 32bit Shell. + +Open a 64bit MSYS shell from the Start Menu: + +.. figure:: ../../images/msys2-minw64-start-menu.png + :width: 50% + :align: center + :alt: MSYS2 64bit Shell Start Menu + +The packages we require are: + +* python +* mingw-w64-x86_64-python2 +* mingw-w64-x86_64-gcc +* git +* bison +* cvs +* diffutils +* make +* patch +* tar +* texinfo +* unzip + +.. note:: + + The actual output provided may vary due to changes in the dependent packages + or newer package versions. + +Install the packages using ``pacman``: + +.. code-block:: shell + + ~ + $ pacman -S python mingw-w64-x86_64-python2 mingw-w64-x86_64-gcc \ + bison cvs diffutils git make patch tar texinfo unzip + resolving dependencies... + looking for conflicting packages... + + Packages (74) db-5.3.28-2 expat-2.1.0-2 gdbm-1.11-3 heimdal-1.5.3-8 + libgdbm-1.11-3 mingw-w64-x86_64-binutils-2.26-21 + mingw-w64-x86_64-bzip2-1.0.6-5 + mingw-w64-x86_64-ca-certificates-20150426-2 + mingw-w64-x86_64-crt-git-5.0.0.4627.03684c4-1 + mingw-w64-x86_64-expat-2.1.0-6 mingw-w64-x86_64-gcc-libs-5.3.0-2 + mingw-w64-x86_64-gdbm-1.11-3 mingw-w64-x86_64-gettext-0.19.6-2 + mingw-w64-x86_64-gmp-6.1.0-1 + mingw-w64-x86_64-headers-git-5.0.0.4627.53be55d-1 + mingw-w64-x86_64-isl-0.15-1 mingw-w64-x86_64-libffi-3.2.1-3 + mingw-w64-x86_64-libiconv-1.14-5 + mingw-w64-x86_64-libsystre-1.0.1-2 + mingw-w64-x86_64-libtasn1-4.7-1 + mingw-w64-x86_64-libtre-git-r122.c2f5d13-4 + mingw-w64-x86_64-libwinpthread-git-5.0.0.4573.628fdbf-1 + mingw-w64-x86_64-mpc-1.0.3-2 mingw-w64-x86_64-mpfr-3.1.3.p0-2 + mingw-w64-x86_64-ncurses-6.0.20160220-2 + mingw-w64-x86_64-openssl-1.0.2.g-1 + mingw-w64-x86_64-p11-kit-0.23.1-3 + mingw-w64-x86_64-readline-6.3.008-1 mingw-w64-x86_64-tcl-8.6.5-1 + mingw-w64-x86_64-termcap-1.3.1-2 mingw-w64-x86_64-tk-8.6.5-1 + mingw-w64-x86_64-windows-default-manifest-6.4-2 + mingw-w64-x86_64-winpthreads-git-5.0.0.4573.628fdbf-1 + mingw-w64-x86_64-zlib-1.2.8-9 openssh-7.1p2-1 perl-5.22.0-2 + perl-Authen-SASL-2.16-2 perl-Convert-BinHex-1.123-2 + perl-Encode-Locale-1.04-1 perl-Error-0.17024-1 + perl-File-Listing-6.04-2 perl-HTML-Parser-3.71-3 + perl-HTML-Tagset-3.20-2 perl-HTTP-Cookies-6.01-2 + perl-HTTP-Daemon-6.01-2 perl-HTTP-Date-6.02-2 + perl-HTTP-Message-6.06-2 perl-HTTP-Negotiate-6.01-2 + perl-IO-Socket-SSL-2.016-1 perl-IO-stringy-2.111-1 + perl-LWP-MediaTypes-6.02-2 perl-MIME-tools-5.506-1 + perl-MailTools-2.14-1 perl-Net-HTTP-6.09-1 + perl-Net-SMTP-SSL-1.02-1 perl-Net-SSLeay-1.70-1 + perl-TermReadKey-2.33-1 perl-TimeDate-2.30-2 perl-URI-1.68-1 + perl-WWW-RobotRules-6.02-2 perl-libwww-6.13-1 vim-7.4.1468-1 + bison-3.0.4-1 cvs-1.11.23-2 diffutils-3.3-3 git-2.7.2-1 + make-4.1-4 mingw-w64-x86_64-gcc-5.3.0-2 + mingw-w64-x86_64-python2-2.7.11-4 patch-2.7.5-1 python-3.4.3-3 + tar-1.28-3 texinfo-6.0-1 unzip-6.0-2 + + Total Download Size: 114.10 MiB + Total Installed Size: 689.61 MiB + + :: Proceed with installation? 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[#####################] 100% + (32/74) installing mingw-w64-x86_64-gcc [#####################] 100% + (33/74) installing bison [#####################] 100% + (34/74) installing heimdal [#####################] 100% + (35/74) installing cvs [#####################] 100% + (36/74) installing diffutils [#####################] 100% + (37/74) installing expat [#####################] 100% + (38/74) installing vim [#####################] 100% + (39/74) installing openssh [#####################] 100% + (40/74) installing db [#####################] 100% + (41/74) installing libgdbm [#####################] 100% + (42/74) installing gdbm [#####################] 100% + (43/74) installing perl [#####################] 100% + (44/74) installing perl-Error [#####################] 100% + (45/74) installing perl-Authen-SASL [#####################] 100% + (46/74) installing perl-Encode-Locale [#####################] 100% + (47/74) installing perl-HTTP-Date [#####################] 100% + (48/74) installing perl-File-Listing [#####################] 100% + (49/74) installing perl-HTML-Tagset [#####################] 100% + (50/74) installing perl-HTML-Parser [#####################] 100% + (51/74) installing perl-LWP-MediaTypes [#####################] 100% + (52/74) installing perl-URI [#####################] 100% + (53/74) installing perl-HTTP-Message [#####################] 100% + (54/74) installing perl-HTTP-Cookies [#####################] 100% + (55/74) installing perl-HTTP-Daemon [#####################] 100% + (56/74) installing perl-HTTP-Negotiate [#####################] 100% + (57/74) installing perl-Net-HTTP [#####################] 100% + (58/74) installing perl-WWW-RobotRules [#####################] 100% + (59/74) installing perl-libwww [#####################] 100% + Optional dependencies for perl-libwww + perl-LWP-Protocol-HTTPS: for https:// url schemes + (60/74) installing perl-TimeDate [#####################] 100% + (61/74) installing perl-MailTools [#####################] 100% + (62/74) installing perl-IO-stringy [#####################] 100% + (63/74) installing perl-Convert-BinHex [#####################] 100% + module test... pass. + (64/74) installing perl-MIME-tools [#####################] 100% + (65/74) installing perl-Net-SSLeay [#####################] 100% + (66/74) installing perl-IO-Socket-SSL [#####################] 100% + (67/74) installing perl-Net-SMTP-SSL [#####################] 100% + (68/74) installing perl-TermReadKey [#####################] 100% + (69/74) installing git [#####################] 100% + Optional dependencies for git + python2: various helper scripts + subversion: git svn + (70/74) installing make [#####################] 100% + (71/74) installing patch [#####################] 100% + Optional dependencies for patch + ed: for patch -e functionality + (72/74) installing tar [#####################] 100% + (73/74) installing texinfo [#####################] 100% + (74/74) installing unzip [#####################] 100% -- cgit v1.2.3