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-rw-r--r--networking/conf.py9
-rw-r--r--networking/dec_21140.rst176
-rw-r--r--networking/index.rst67
-rw-r--r--networking/network_servers.rst85
-rw-r--r--networking/network_task_structure.rst50
-rw-r--r--networking/networking_driver.rst366
-rw-r--r--networking/preface.rst49
-rw-r--r--networking/testing_the_driver.rst283
-rw-r--r--networking/using_networking_rtems_app.rst1254
9 files changed, 1134 insertions, 1205 deletions
diff --git a/networking/conf.py b/networking/conf.py
index cc244c2..426ea45 100644
--- a/networking/conf.py
+++ b/networking/conf.py
@@ -3,10 +3,11 @@ sys.path.append(os.path.abspath('../common/'))
from conf import *
-version = '1.0'
-release = '5.0'
+version = '4.11.0'
+release = '4.11.0'
+
+project = "RTEMS Networking User Manual"
latex_documents = [
- ('index', 'networking.tex', u'RTEMS Networking Documentation', u'RTEMS Documentation Project', 'manual'),
+ ('index', 'networking.tex', u'RTEMS Networking User Documentation', u'RTEMS Documentation Project', 'manual'),
]
-
diff --git a/networking/dec_21140.rst b/networking/dec_21140.rst
index 9064508..03133d8 100644
--- a/networking/dec_21140.rst
+++ b/networking/dec_21140.rst
@@ -6,20 +6,19 @@ DEC 21240 Driver Introduction
.. COMMENT: XXX add back in cross reference to list of boards.
-One aim of our project is to port RTEMS on a standard PowerPC platform.
-To achieve it, we have chosen a Motorola MCP750 board. This board includes
-an Ethernet controller based on a DEC21140 chip. Because RTEMS has a
-TCP/IP stack, we will
-have to develop the DEC21140 related ethernet driver for the PowerPC port of
-RTEMS. As this controller is able to support 100Mbps network and as there is
-a lot of PCI card using this DEC chip, we have decided to first
+One aim of our project is to port RTEMS on a standard PowerPC platform. To
+achieve it, we have chosen a Motorola MCP750 board. This board includes an
+Ethernet controller based on a DEC21140 chip. Because RTEMS has a TCP/IP stack,
+we will have to develop the DEC21140 related ethernet driver for the PowerPC
+port of RTEMS. As this controller is able to support 100Mbps network and as
+there is a lot of PCI card using this DEC chip, we have decided to first
implement this driver on an Intel PC386 target to provide a solution for using
-RTEMS on PC with the 100Mbps network and then to port this code on PowerPC in
-a second phase.
+RTEMS on PC with the 100Mbps network and then to port this code on PowerPC in a
+second phase.
-The aim of this document is to give some PCI board generalities and
-to explain the software architecture of the RTEMS driver. Finally, we will see
-what will be done for ChorusOs and Netboot environment .
+The aim of this document is to give some PCI board generalities and to explain
+the software architecture of the RTEMS driver. Finally, we will see what will
+be done for ChorusOs and Netboot environment .
Document Revision History
=========================
@@ -47,15 +46,15 @@ This chapter describes rapidely the PCI interface of this Ethernet controller.
The board we have chosen for our PC386 implementation is a D-Link DFE-500TX.
This is a dual-speed 10/100Mbps Ethernet PCI adapter with a DEC21140AF chip.
Like other PCI devices, this board has a PCI device's header containing some
-required configuration registers, as shown in the PCI Register Figure.
-By reading
-or writing these registers, a driver can obtain information about the type of
-the board, the interrupt it uses, the mapping of the chip specific registers, ...
+required configuration registers, as shown in the PCI Register Figure. By
+reading or writing these registers, a driver can obtain information about the
+type of the board, the interrupt it uses, the mapping of the chip specific
+registers, ...
-On Intel target, the chip specific registers can be accessed via 2
-methods : I/O port access or PCI address mapped access. We have chosen to implement
-the PCI address access to obtain compatible source code to the port the driver
-on a PowerPC target.
+On Intel target, the chip specific registers can be accessed via 2 methods :
+I/O port access or PCI address mapped access. We have chosen to implement the
+PCI address access to obtain compatible source code to the port the driver on a
+PowerPC target.
.. COMMENT: PCI Device's Configuration Header Space Format
@@ -65,17 +64,16 @@ on a PowerPC target.
.. COMMENT: XXX add crossreference to PCI Register Figure
-On RTEMS, a PCI API exists. We have used it to configure the board. After initializing
-this PCI module via the ``pci_initialize()`` function, we try to detect
-the DEC21140 based ethernet board. This board is characterized by its Vendor
-ID (0x1011) and its Device ID (0x0009). We give these arguments to the``pcib_find_by_deviceid``
-function which returns , if the device is present, a pointer to the configuration
-header space (see PCI Registers Fgure). Once this operation performed,
-the driver
-is able to extract the information it needs to configure the board internal
-registers, like the interrupt line, the base address,... The board internal
-registers will not be detailled here. You can find them in *DIGITAL
-Semiconductor 21140A PCI Fast Ethernet LAN Controller
+On RTEMS, a PCI API exists. We have used it to configure the board. After
+initializing this PCI module via the ``pci_initialize()`` function, we try to
+detect the DEC21140 based ethernet board. This board is characterized by its
+Vendor ID (0x1011) and its Device ID (0x0009). We give these arguments to
+the``pcib_find_by_deviceid`` function which returns , if the device is present,
+a pointer to the configuration header space (see PCI Registers Fgure). Once
+this operation performed, the driver is able to extract the information it
+needs to configure the board internal registers, like the interrupt line, the
+base address,... The board internal registers will not be detailled here. You
+can find them in *DIGITAL Semiconductor 21140A PCI Fast Ethernet LAN Controller
- Hardware Reference Manual*.
.. COMMENT: fix citation
@@ -89,16 +87,17 @@ host memory and the 2 threads launched at the initialization time.
Initialization phase
--------------------
-The DEC21140 Ethernet driver keeps the same software architecture than the other
-RTEMS ethernet drivers. The only API the programmer can use is the ``rtems_dec21140_driver_attach````(struct rtems_bsdnet_ifconfig \*config)`` function which
-detects the board and initializes the associated data structure (with registers
-base address, entry points to low-level initialization function,...), if the
-board is found.
-
-Once the attach function executed, the driver initializes the DEC
-chip. Then the driver connects an interrupt handler to the interrupt line driven
-by the Ethernet controller (the only interrupt which will be treated is the
-receive interrupt) and launches 2 threads : a receiver thread and a transmitter
+The DEC21140 Ethernet driver keeps the same software architecture than the
+other RTEMS ethernet drivers. The only API the programmer can use is the
+``rtems_dec21140_driver_attach(struct rtems_bsdnet_ifconfig *config)``
+function which detects the board and initializes the associated data structure
+(with registers base address, entry points to low-level initialization
+function,...), if the board is found.
+
+Once the attach function executed, the driver initializes the DEC chip. Then
+the driver connects an interrupt handler to the interrupt line driven by the
+Ethernet controller (the only interrupt which will be treated is the receive
+interrupt) and launches 2 threads : a receiver thread and a transmitter
thread. Then the driver waits for incoming frame to give to the protocol stack
or outcoming frame to send on the physical link.
@@ -108,19 +107,18 @@ Memory Buffer
.. COMMENT: XXX add cross reference to Problem
This DEC chip uses the host memory to store the incoming Ethernet frames and
-the descriptor of these frames. We have chosen to use 7 receive buffers and
-1 transmit buffer to optimize memory allocation due to cache and paging problem
+the descriptor of these frames. We have chosen to use 7 receive buffers and 1
+transmit buffer to optimize memory allocation due to cache and paging problem
that will be explained in the section *Encountered Problems*.
To reference these buffers to the DEC chip we use a buffer descriptors
ring. The descriptor structure is defined in the Buffer Descriptor Figure.
-Each descriptor
-can reference one or two memory buffers. We choose to use only one buffer of
-1520 bytes per descriptor.
+Each descriptor can reference one or two memory buffers. We choose to use only
+one buffer of 1520 bytes per descriptor.
-The difference between a receive and a transmit buffer descriptor
-is located in the status and control bits fields. We do not give details here,
-please refer to the \[DEC21140 Hardware Manual].
+The difference between a receive and a transmit buffer descriptor is located in
+the status and control bits fields. We do not give details here, please refer
+to the DEC21140 Hardware Manual.
.. COMMENT: Buffer Descriptor
@@ -132,12 +130,12 @@ Receiver Thread
---------------
This thread is event driven. Each time a DEC PCI board interrupt occurs, the
-handler checks if this is a receive interrupt and send an event "reception"
-to the receiver thread which looks into the entire buffer descriptors ring the
-ones that contain a valid incoming frame (bit OWN=0 means descriptor belongs
-to host processor). Each valid incoming ethernet frame is sent to the protocol
-stack and the buffer descriptor is given back to the DEC board (the host processor
-reset bit OWN, which means descriptor belongs to 21140).
+handler checks if this is a receive interrupt and send an event "reception" to
+the receiver thread which looks into the entire buffer descriptors ring the
+ones that contain a valid incoming frame (bit OWN=0 means descriptor belongs to
+host processor). Each valid incoming ethernet frame is sent to the protocol
+stack and the buffer descriptor is given back to the DEC board (the host
+processor reset bit OWN, which means descriptor belongs to 21140).
Transmitter Thread
------------------
@@ -151,47 +149,37 @@ Encountered Problems
====================
On Intel PC386 target, we were faced with a problem of memory cache management.
-Because the DEC chip uses the host memory to store the incoming frame and because
-the DEC21140 configuration registers are mapped into the PCI address space,
-we must ensure that the data read (or written) by the host processor are the
-ones written (or read) by the DEC21140 device in the host memory and not old
-data stored in the cache memory. Therefore, we had to provide a way to manage
-the cache. This module is described in the document *RTEMS
-Cache Management For Intel*. On Intel, the
-memory region cache management is available only if the paging unit is enabled.
-We have used this paging mechanism, with 4Kb page. All the buffers allocated
-to store the incoming or outcoming frames, buffer descriptor and also the PCI
-address space of the DEC board are located in a memory space with cache disable.
-
-Concerning the buffers and their descriptors, we have tried to optimize
-the memory space in term of allocated page. One buffer has 1520 bytes, one descriptor
-has 16 bytes. We have 7 receive buffers and 1 transmit buffer, and for each,
-1 descriptor : (7+1)*(1520+16) = 12288 bytes = 12Kb = 3 entire pages. This
-allows not to lose too much memory or not to disable cache memory for a page
-which contains other data than buffer, which could decrease performance.
-
-ChorusOs DEC Driver
-===================
-
-Because ChorusOs is used in several Canon CRF projects, we must provide such
-a driver on this OS to ensure compatibility between the RTEMS and ChorusOs developments.
-On ChorusOs, a DEC driver source code already exists but only for a PowerPC
-target. We plan to port this code (which uses ChorusOs API) on Intel target.
-This will allow us to have homogeneous developments. Moreover, the port of the
-development performed with ChorusOs environment to RTEMS environment will be
-easier for the developers.
+Because the DEC chip uses the host memory to store the incoming frame and
+because the DEC21140 configuration registers are mapped into the PCI address
+space, we must ensure that the data read (or written) by the host processor are
+the ones written (or read) by the DEC21140 device in the host memory and not
+old data stored in the cache memory. Therefore, we had to provide a way to
+manage the cache. This module is described in the document *RTEMS Cache
+Management For Intel*. On Intel, the memory region cache management is
+available only if the paging unit is enabled. We have used this paging
+mechanism, with 4Kb page. All the buffers allocated to store the incoming or
+outcoming frames, buffer descriptor and also the PCI address space of the DEC
+board are located in a memory space with cache disable.
+
+Concerning the buffers and their descriptors, we have tried to optimize the
+memory space in term of allocated page. One buffer has 1520 bytes, one
+descriptor has 16 bytes. We have 7 receive buffers and 1 transmit buffer, and
+for each, 1 descriptor : (7+1)*(1520+16) = 12288 bytes = 12Kb = 3 entire
+pages. This allows not to lose too much memory or not to disable cache memory
+for a page which contains other data than buffer, which could decrease
+performance.
Netboot DEC driver
==================
-We use Netboot tool to load our development from a server to the target via
-an ethernet network. Currently, this tool does not support the DEC board. We
-plan to port the DEC driver for the Netboot tool.
+We use Netboot tool to load our development from a server to the target via an
+ethernet network. Currently, this tool does not support the DEC board. We plan
+to port the DEC driver for the Netboot tool.
-But concerning the port of the DEC driver into Netboot, we are faced
-with a problem : in RTEMS environment, the DEC driver is interrupt or event
-driven, in Netboot environment, it must be used in polling mode. It means that
-we will have to re-write some mechanisms of this driver.
+But concerning the port of the DEC driver into Netboot, we are faced with a
+problem: in RTEMS environment, the DEC driver is interrupt or event driven, in
+Netboot environment, it must be used in polling mode. It means that we will
+have to re-write some mechanisms of this driver.
List of Ethernet cards using the DEC chip
=========================================
@@ -238,9 +226,7 @@ of adapters which support this driver :
Our DEC driver has not been tested with all these cards, only with the D-Link
DFE500-TX.
-- *[DEC21140 Hardware Manual] DIGITAL, *DIGITAL
- Semiconductor 21140A PCI Fast Ethernet LAN Controller - Hardware
- Reference Manual**.
+- DEC21140 Hardware Manual DIGITAL, DIGITAL Semiconductor 21140A PCI Fast
+ Ethernet LAN Controller - Hardware Reference Manual**.
- *[99.TA.0021.M.ER]Emmanuel Raguet,*RTEMS Cache Management For Intel**.
-
diff --git a/networking/index.rst b/networking/index.rst
index db3b64c..ff8dc2b 100644
--- a/networking/index.rst
+++ b/networking/index.rst
@@ -1,36 +1,35 @@
-========================
-RTEMS Network Supplement
-========================
-COPYRIGHT (c) 1988 - 2015.
-
-On-Line Applications Research Corporation (OAR).
-
-The authors have used their best efforts in preparing
-this material. These efforts include the development, research,
-and testing of the theories and programs to determine their
-effectiveness. No warranty of any kind, expressed or implied,
-with regard to the software or the material contained in this
-document is provided. No liability arising out of the
-application or use of any product described in this document is
-assumed. The authors reserve the right to revise this material
-and to make changes from time to time in the content hereof
-without obligation to notify anyone of such revision or changes.
-
-The RTEMS Project is hosted at http://www.rtems.org. Any
-inquiries concerning RTEMS, its related support components, or its
-documentation should be directed to the Community Project hosted athttp://www.rtems.org.
-
-Any inquiries for commercial services including training, support, custom
-development, application development assistance should be directed tohttp://www.rtems.com.
-
-
-Table of Contents
------------------
-
-.. toctree::
-
- preface
-
+.. highlight:: c
+
+===================================
+RTEMS |version| Network User Manual
+===================================
+
+ | COPYRIGHT (c) 1988 - 2015.
+ | On-Line Applications Research Corporation (OAR).
+
+The authors have used their best efforts in preparing this material. These
+efforts include the development, research, and testing of the theories and
+programs to determine their effectiveness. No warranty of any kind, expressed
+or implied, with regard to the software or the material contained in this
+document is provided. No liability arising out of the application or use of
+any product described in this document is assumed. The authors reserve the
+right to revise this material and to make changes from time to time in the
+content hereof without obligation to notify anyone of such revision or changes.
+
+The RTEMS Project is hosted at http://www.rtems.org/. Any inquiries concerning
+RTEMS, its related support components, or its documentation should be directed
+to the Community Project hosted at http://www.rtems.org/.
+
+.. topic:: RTEMS Online Resources
+
+ ================ =============================
+ Home https://www.rtems.org/
+ Developers https://devel.rtems.org/
+ Documentation https://docs.rtems.org/
+ Bug Reporting https://devel.rtems.org/query
+ Mailing Lists https://lists.rtems.org/
+ Git Repositories https://git.rtems.org/
+ ================ =============================
.. toctree::
:maxdepth: 3
@@ -45,7 +44,5 @@ Table of Contents
dec_21140
command
-
* :ref:`genindex`
* :ref:`search`
-
diff --git a/networking/network_servers.rst b/networking/network_servers.rst
index cf3ec71..6026c14 100644
--- a/networking/network_servers.rst
+++ b/networking/network_servers.rst
@@ -1,16 +1,18 @@
+.. COMMENT: RTEMS Remote Debugger Server Specifications
+.. COMMENT: Written by: Emmanuel Raguet <raguet@crf.canon.fr>
+
Network Servers
###############
RTEMS FTP Daemon
================
-The RTEMS FTPD is a complete file transfer protocol (FTP) daemon
-which can store, retrieve, and manipulate files on the local
-filesystem. In addition, the RTEMS FTPD provides "hooks"
-which are actions performed on received data. Hooks are useful
-in situations where a destination file is not necessarily
-appropriate or in cases when a formal device driver has not yet
-been implemented.
+The RTEMS FTPD is a complete file transfer protocol (FTP) daemon which can
+store, retrieve, and manipulate files on the local filesystem. In addition,
+the RTEMS FTPD provides "hooks" which are actions performed on received data.
+Hooks are useful in situations where a destination file is not necessarily
+appropriate or in cases when a formal device driver has not yet been
+implemented.
This server was implemented and documented by Jake Janovetz
(janovetz@tempest.ece.uiuc.edu).
@@ -19,61 +21,63 @@ Configuration Parameters
------------------------
The configuration structure for FTPD is as follows:
-.. code:: c
+
+.. code-block:: c
struct rtems_ftpd_configuration
{
- rtems_task_priority priority; /* FTPD task priority \*/
- unsigned long max_hook_filesize; /* Maximum buffersize \*/
- /* for hooks \*/
- int port; /* Well-known port \*/
- struct rtems_ftpd_hook \*hooks; /* List of hooks \*/
+ rtems_task_priority priority; /* FTPD task priority */
+ unsigned long max_hook_filesize; /* Maximum buffersize */
+ /* for hooks */
+ int port; /* Well-known port */
+ struct rtems_ftpd_hook *hooks; /* List of hooks */
};
-The FTPD task priority is specified with ``priority``. Because
-hooks are not saved as files, the received data is placed in an
-allocated buffer. ``max_hook_filesize`` specifies the maximum
-size of this buffer. Finally, ``hooks`` is a pointer to the
-configured hooks structure.
+The FTPD task priority is specified with ``priority``. Because hooks are not
+saved as files, the received data is placed in an allocated buffer.
+``max_hook_filesize`` specifies the maximum size of this buffer. Finally,
+``hooks`` is a pointer to the configured hooks structure.
Initializing FTPD (Starting the daemon)
---------------------------------------
-Starting FTPD is done with a call to ``rtems_initialize_ftpd()``.
-The configuration structure must be provided in the application
-source code. Example hooks structure and configuration structure
-folllow.
-.. code:: c
+Starting FTPD is done with a call to ``rtems_initialize_ftpd()``. The
+configuration structure must be provided in the application source code.
+Example hooks structure and configuration structure folllow.
+
+.. code-block:: c
struct rtems_ftpd_hook ftp_hooks[] =
{
- {"untar", Untar_FromMemory},
- {NULL, NULL}
+ {"untar", Untar_FromMemory},
+ {NULL, NULL}
};
+
struct rtems_ftpd_configuration rtems_ftpd_configuration =
{
- 40, /* FTPD task priority \*/
- 512*1024, /* Maximum hook 'file' size \*/
- 0, /* Use default port \*/
- ftp_hooks /* Local ftp hooks \*/
+ 40, /* FTPD task priority */
+ 512*1024, /* Maximum hook 'file' size */
+ 0, /* Use default port */
+ ftp_hooks /* Local ftp hooks */
};
-Specifying 0 for the well-known port causes FTPD to use the
-UNIX standard FTPD port (21).
+Specifying 0 for the well-known port causes FTPD to use the UNIX standard FTPD
+port (21).
Using Hooks
-----------
-In the example above, one hook was installed. The hook causes
-FTPD to call the function ``Untar_FromMemory`` when the
-user sends data to the file ``untar``. The prototype for
-the ``untar`` hook (and hooks, in general) is:
-.. code:: c
+In the example above, one hook was installed. The hook causes FTPD to call the
+function ``Untar_FromMemory`` when the user sends data to the file ``untar``.
+The prototype for the ``untar`` hook (and hooks, in general) is:
+
+.. code-block:: c
- int Untar_FromMemory(unsigned char \*tar_buf, unsigned long size);
+ int Untar_FromMemory(unsigned char *tar_buf, unsigned long size);
An example FTP transcript which exercises this hook is:
-.. code:: c
+
+.. code-block:: shell
220 RTEMS FTP server (Version 1.0-JWJ) ready.
Name (dcomm0:janovetz): John Galt
@@ -102,8 +106,3 @@ An example FTP transcript which exercises this hook is:
226 Transfer complete.
ftp> quit
221 Goodbye.
-
-.. COMMENT: RTEMS Remote Debugger Server Specifications
-
-.. COMMENT: Written by: Emmanuel Raguet <raguet@crf.canon.fr>
-
diff --git a/networking/network_task_structure.rst b/networking/network_task_structure.rst
index 7e1b269..c6f7dfc 100644
--- a/networking/network_task_structure.rst
+++ b/networking/network_task_structure.rst
@@ -1,38 +1,32 @@
+.. COMMENT: Written by Eric Norum
+.. COMMENT: COPYRIGHT (c) 1988-2002.
+.. COMMENT: On-Line Applications Research Corporation (OAR).
+.. COMMENT: All rights reserved.
+
Network Task Structure and Data Flow
####################################
-A schematic diagram of the tasks and message *mbuf* queues in a
-simple RTEMS networking application is shown in the following
-figure:
+A schematic diagram of the tasks and message *mbuf* queues in a simple RTEMS
+networking application is shown in the following figure:
.. image:: images/networkflow.jpg
-The transmit task for each network interface is normally blocked waiting
-for a packet to arrive in the transmit queue. Once a packet arrives, the
-transmit task may block waiting for an event from the transmit interrupt
-handler. The transmit interrupt handler sends an RTEMS event to the transmit
-task to indicate that transmit hardware resources have become available.
-
-The receive task for each network interface is normally blocked waiting
-for an event from the receive interrupt handler. When this event is received
-the receive task reads the packet and forwards it to the network stack
-for subsequent processing by the network task.
-
-The network task processes incoming packets and takes care of
-timed operations such as handling TCP timeouts and
-aging and removing routing table entries.
+The transmit task for each network interface is normally blocked waiting for a
+packet to arrive in the transmit queue. Once a packet arrives, the transmit
+task may block waiting for an event from the transmit interrupt handler. The
+transmit interrupt handler sends an RTEMS event to the transmit task to
+indicate that transmit hardware resources have become available.
-The 'Network code' contains routines which may run in the context of
-the user application tasks, the interface receive task or the network task.
-A network semaphore ensures that
-the data structures manipulated by the network code remain consistent.
+The receive task for each network interface is normally blocked waiting for an
+event from the receive interrupt handler. When this event is received the
+receive task reads the packet and forwards it to the network stack for
+subsequent processing by the network task.
-.. COMMENT: Written by Eric Norum
-
-.. COMMENT: COPYRIGHT (c) 1988-2002.
-
-.. COMMENT: On-Line Applications Research Corporation (OAR).
-
-.. COMMENT: All rights reserved.
+The network task processes incoming packets and takes care of timed operations
+such as handling TCP timeouts and aging and removing routing table entries.
+The 'Network code' contains routines which may run in the context of the user
+application tasks, the interface receive task or the network task. A network
+semaphore ensures that the data structures manipulated by the network code
+remain consistent.
diff --git a/networking/networking_driver.rst b/networking/networking_driver.rst
index 7be9dde..39af4b7 100644
--- a/networking/networking_driver.rst
+++ b/networking/networking_driver.rst
@@ -1,182 +1,177 @@
+.. COMMENT: Written by Eric Norum
+.. COMMENT: COPYRIGHT (c) 1988-2002.
+.. COMMENT: On-Line Applications Research Corporation (OAR).
+.. COMMENT: All rights reserved.
+
Networking Driver
#################
Introduction
============
-This chapter is intended to provide an introduction to the
-procedure for writing RTEMS network device drivers.
-The example code is taken from the 'Generic 68360' network device
-driver. The source code for this driver is located in the``c/src/lib/libbsp/m68k/gen68360/network`` directory in the RTEMS
-source code distribution. Having a copy of this driver at
-hand when reading the following notes will help significantly.
+This chapter is intended to provide an introduction to the procedure for
+writing RTEMS network device drivers. The example code is taken from the
+'Generic 68360' network device driver. The source code for this driver is
+located in the :file:`c/src/lib/libbsp/m68k/gen68360/network` directory in the
+RTEMS source code distribution. Having a copy of this driver at hand when
+reading the following notes will help significantly.
Learn about the network device
==============================
-Before starting to write the network driver become completely
-familiar with the programmer's view of the device.
-The following points list some of the details of the
-device that must be understood before a driver can be written.
+Before starting to write the network driver become completely familiar with the
+programmer's view of the device. The following points list some of the details
+of the device that must be understood before a driver can be written.
-- Does the device use DMA to transfer packets to and from
- memory or does the processor have to
- copy packets to and from memory on the device?
+- Does the device use DMA to transfer packets to and from memory or does the
+ processor have to copy packets to and from memory on the device?
-- If the device uses DMA, is it capable of forming a single
- outgoing packet from multiple fragments scattered in separate
- memory buffers?
+- If the device uses DMA, is it capable of forming a single outgoing packet
+ from multiple fragments scattered in separate memory buffers?
-- If the device uses DMA, is it capable of chaining multiple
- outgoing packets, or does each outgoing packet require
- intervention by the driver?
+- If the device uses DMA, is it capable of chaining multiple outgoing packets,
+ or does each outgoing packet require intervention by the driver?
-- Does the device automatically pad short frames to the minimum
- 64 bytes or does the driver have to supply the padding?
+- Does the device automatically pad short frames to the minimum 64 bytes or
+ does the driver have to supply the padding?
-- Does the device automatically retry a transmission on detection
- of a collision?
+- Does the device automatically retry a transmission on detection of a
+ collision?
-- If the device uses DMA, is it capable of buffering multiple
- packets to memory, or does the receiver have to be restarted
- after the arrival of each packet?
+- If the device uses DMA, is it capable of buffering multiple packets to
+ memory, or does the receiver have to be restarted after the arrival of each
+ packet?
-- How are packets that are too short, too long, or received with
- CRC errors handled? Does the device automatically continue
- reception or does the driver have to intervene?
+- How are packets that are too short, too long, or received with CRC errors
+ handled? Does the device automatically continue reception or does the driver
+ have to intervene?
-- How is the device Ethernet address set? How is the device
- programmed to accept or reject broadcast and multicast packets?
+- How is the device Ethernet address set? How is the device programmed to
+ accept or reject broadcast and multicast packets?
-- What interrupts does the device generate? Does it generate an
- interrupt for each incoming packet, or only for packets received
- without error? Does it generate an interrupt for each packet
- transmitted, or only when the transmit queue is empty? What
- happens when a transmit error is detected?
+- What interrupts does the device generate? Does it generate an interrupt for
+ each incoming packet, or only for packets received without error? Does it
+ generate an interrupt for each packet transmitted, or only when the transmit
+ queue is empty? What happens when a transmit error is detected?
-In addition, some controllers have specific questions regarding
-board specific configuration. For example, the SONIC Ethernet
-controller has a very configurable data bus interface. It can
-even be configured for sixteen and thirty-two bit data buses. This
-type of information should be obtained from the board vendor.
+In addition, some controllers have specific questions regarding board specific
+configuration. For example, the SONIC Ethernet controller has a very
+configurable data bus interface. It can even be configured for sixteen and
+thirty-two bit data buses. This type of information should be obtained from
+the board vendor.
Understand the network scheduling conventions
=============================================
-When writing code for the driver transmit and receive tasks,
-take care to follow the network scheduling conventions. All tasks
-which are associated with networking share various
-data structures and resources. To ensure the consistency
-of these structures the tasks
-execute only when they hold the network semaphore (``rtems_bsdnet_semaphore``).
-The transmit and receive tasks must abide by this protocol. Be very
-careful to avoid 'deadly embraces' with the other network tasks.
-A number of routines are provided to make it easier for the network
-driver code to conform to the network task scheduling conventions.
+When writing code for the driver transmit and receive tasks, take care to
+follow the network scheduling conventions. All tasks which are associated with
+networking share various data structures and resources. To ensure the
+consistency of these structures the tasks execute only when they hold the
+network semaphore (``rtems_bsdnet_semaphore``). The transmit and receive tasks
+must abide by this protocol. Be very careful to avoid 'deadly embraces' with
+the other network tasks. A number of routines are provided to make it easier
+for the network driver code to conform to the network task scheduling
+conventions.
- ``void rtems_bsdnet_semaphore_release(void)``
- This function releases the network semaphore.
- The network driver tasks must call this function immediately before
- making any blocking RTEMS request.
+ This function releases the network semaphore. The network driver tasks must
+ call this function immediately before making any blocking RTEMS request.
- ``void rtems_bsdnet_semaphore_obtain(void)``
- This function obtains the network semaphore.
- If a network driver task has released the network semaphore to allow other
- network-related tasks to run while the task blocks, then this function must
- be called to reobtain the semaphore immediately after the return from the
- blocking RTEMS request.
-
-- ``rtems_bsdnet_event_receive(rtems_event_set, rtems_option, rtems_interval, rtems_event_set \*)``
- The network driver task should call this function when it wishes to wait
- for an event. This function releases the network semaphore,
- calls ``rtems_event_receive`` to wait for the specified event
- or events and reobtains the semaphore.
- The value returned is the value returned by the ``rtems_event_receive``.
+ This function obtains the network semaphore. If a network driver task has
+ released the network semaphore to allow other network-related tasks to run
+ while the task blocks, then this function must be called to reobtain the
+ semaphore immediately after the return from the blocking RTEMS request.
+
+- ``rtems_bsdnet_event_receive(rtems_event_set, rtems_option, rtems_interval, rtems_event_set *)``
+ The network driver task should call this function when it wishes to wait for
+ an event. This function releases the network semaphore, calls
+ ``rtems_event_receive`` to wait for the specified event or events and
+ reobtains the semaphore. The value returned is the value returned by the
+ ``rtems_event_receive``.
Network Driver Makefile
=======================
-Network drivers are considered part of the BSD network package and as such
-are to be compiled with the appropriate flags. This can be accomplished by
-adding ``-D__INSIDE_RTEMS_BSD_TCPIP_STACK__`` to the ``command line``.
-If the driver is inside the RTEMS source tree or is built using the
-RTEMS application Makefiles, then adding the following line accomplishes
-this:
-.. code:: c
+Network drivers are considered part of the BSD network package and as such are
+to be compiled with the appropriate flags. This can be accomplished by adding
+``-D__INSIDE_RTEMS_BSD_TCPIP_STACK__`` to the ``command line``. If the driver
+is inside the RTEMS source tree or is built using the RTEMS application
+Makefiles, then adding the following line accomplishes this:
+
+.. code-block:: c
DEFINES += -D__INSIDE_RTEMS_BSD_TCPIP_STACK__
-This is equivalent to the following list of definitions. Early versions
-of the RTEMS BSD network stack required that all of these be defined.
+This is equivalent to the following list of definitions. Early versions of the
+RTEMS BSD network stack required that all of these be defined.
-.. code:: c
+.. code-block:: c
- -D_COMPILING_BSD_KERNEL_ -DKERNEL -DINET -DNFS \\
- -DDIAGNOSTIC -DBOOTP_COMPAT
+ -D_COMPILING_BSD_KERNEL_ -DKERNEL -DINET -DNFS \
+ -DDIAGNOSTIC -DBOOTP_COMPAT
-Defining these macros tells the network header files that the driver
-is to be compiled with extended visibility into the network stack. This
-is in sharp contrast to applications that simply use the network stack.
-Applications do not require this level of visibility and should stick
-to the portable application level API.
+Defining these macros tells the network header files that the driver is to be
+compiled with extended visibility into the network stack. This is in sharp
+contrast to applications that simply use the network stack. Applications do
+not require this level of visibility and should stick to the portable
+application level API.
-As a direct result of being logically internal to the network stack,
-network drivers use the BSD memory allocation routines This means,
-for example, that malloc takes three arguments. See the SONIC
-device driver (``c/src/lib/libchip/network/sonic.c``) for an example
-of this. Because of this, network drivers should not include``<stdlib.h>``. Doing so will result in conflicting definitions
-of ``malloc()``.
+As a direct result of being logically internal to the network stack, network
+drivers use the BSD memory allocation routines This means, for example, that
+malloc takes three arguments. See the SONIC device driver
+(:file:`c/src/lib/libchip/network/sonic.c`) for an example of this. Because of
+this, network drivers should not include ``<stdlib.h>``. Doing so will result
+in conflicting definitions of ``malloc()``.
-*Application level* code including network servers such as the FTP
-daemon are *not* part of the BSD kernel network code and should not be
-compiled with the BSD network flags. They should include``<stdlib.h>`` and not define the network stack visibility
-macros.
+*Application level* code including network servers such as the FTP daemon are
+*not* part of the BSD kernel network code and should not be compiled with the
+BSD network flags. They should include ``<stdlib.h>`` and not define the
+network stack visibility macros.
Write the Driver Attach Function
================================
-The driver attach function is responsible for configuring the driver
-and making the connection between the network stack
-and the driver.
+The driver attach function is responsible for configuring the driver and making
+the connection between the network stack and the driver.
-Driver attach functions take a pointer to an``rtems_bsdnet_ifconfig`` structure as their only argument.
-and set the driver parameters based on the
-values in this structure. If an entry in the configuration
-structure is zero the attach function chooses an
-appropriate default value for that parameter.
+Driver attach functions take a pointer to an ``rtems_bsdnet_ifconfig``
+structure as their only argument. and set the driver parameters based on the
+values in this structure. If an entry in the configuration structure is zero
+the attach function chooses an appropriate default value for that parameter.
-The driver should then set up several fields in the ifnet structure
-in the device-dependent data structure supplied and maintained by the driver:
+The driver should then set up several fields in the ifnet structure in the
+device-dependent data structure supplied and maintained by the driver:
``ifp->if_softc``
- Pointer to the device-dependent data. The first entry
- in the device-dependent data structure must be an ``arpcom``
- structure.
+ Pointer to the device-dependent data. The first entry in the
+ device-dependent data structure must be an ``arpcom`` structure.
``ifp->if_name``
- The name of the device. The network stack uses this string
- and the device number for device name lookups. The device name should
- be obtained from the ``name`` entry in the configuration structure.
+ The name of the device. The network stack uses this string and the device
+ number for device name lookups. The device name should be obtained from
+ the ``name`` entry in the configuration structure.
``ifp->if_unit``
- The device number. The network stack uses this number and the
- device name for device name lookups. For example, if``ifp->if_name`` is '``scc``' and ``ifp->if_unit`` is '``1``',
- the full device name would be '``scc1``'. The unit number should be
- obtained from the 'name' entry in the configuration structure.
+ The device number. The network stack uses this number and the device name
+ for device name lookups. For example, if ``ifp->if_name`` is ``scc`` and
+ ``ifp->if_unit`` is ``1``, the full device name would be ``scc1``. The
+ unit number should be obtained from the 'name' entry in the configuration
+ structure.
``ifp->if_mtu``
- The maximum transmission unit for the device. For Ethernet
- devices this value should almost always be 1500.
+ The maximum transmission unit for the device. For Ethernet devices this
+ value should almost always be 1500.
``ifp->if_flags``
- The device flags. Ethernet devices should set the flags
- to ``IFF_BROADCAST|IFF_SIMPLEX``, indicating that the
- device can broadcast packets to multiple destinations
- and does not receive and transmit at the same time.
+ The device flags. Ethernet devices should set the flags to
+ ``IFF_BROADCAST|IFF_SIMPLEX``, indicating that the device can broadcast
+ packets to multiple destinations and does not receive and transmit at the
+ same time.
``ifp->if_snd.ifq_maxlen``
- The maximum length of the queue of packets waiting to be
- sent to the driver. This is normally set to ``ifqmaxlen``.
+ The maximum length of the queue of packets waiting to be sent to the
+ driver. This is normally set to ``ifqmaxlen``.
``ifp->if_init``
The address of the driver initialization function.
@@ -188,91 +183,91 @@ in the device-dependent data structure supplied and maintained by the driver:
The address of the driver ioctl function.
``ifp->if_output``
- The address of the output function. Ethernet devices
- should set this to ``ether_output``.
+ The address of the output function. Ethernet devices should set this to
+ ``ether_output``.
+
+RTEMS provides a function to parse the driver name in the configuration
+structure into a device name and unit number.
-RTEMS provides a function to parse the driver name in the
-configuration structure into a device name and unit number.
-.. code:: c
+.. code-block:: c
int rtems_bsdnet_parse_driver_name (
- const struct rtems_bsdnet_ifconfig \*config,
- char \**namep
+ const struct rtems_bsdnet_ifconfig *config,
+ char **namep
);
-The function takes two arguments; a pointer to the configuration
-structure and a pointer to a pointer to a character. The function
-parses the configuration name entry, allocates memory for the driver
-name, places the driver name in this memory, sets the second argument
-to point to the name and returns the unit number.
-On error, a message is printed and -1 is returned.
+The function takes two arguments; a pointer to the configuration structure and
+a pointer to a pointer to a character. The function parses the configuration
+name entry, allocates memory for the driver name, places the driver name in
+this memory, sets the second argument to point to the name and returns the unit
+number. On error, a message is printed and ``-1`` is returned.
-Once the attach function has set up the above entries it must link the
-driver data structure onto the list of devices by
-calling ``if_attach``. Ethernet devices should then
-call ``ether_ifattach``. Both functions take a pointer to the
-device's ``ifnet`` structure as their only argument.
+Once the attach function has set up the above entries it must link the driver
+data structure onto the list of devices by calling ``if_attach``. Ethernet
+devices should then call ``ether_ifattach``. Both functions take a pointer to
+the device's ``ifnet`` structure as their only argument.
-The attach function should return a non-zero value to indicate that
-the driver has been successfully configured and attached.
+The attach function should return a non-zero value to indicate that the driver
+has been successfully configured and attached.
Write the Driver Start Function.
================================
This function is called each time the network stack wants to start the
-transmitter. This occures whenever the network stack adds a packet
-to a device's send queue and the ``IFF_OACTIVE`` bit in the
-device's ``if_flags`` is not set.
+transmitter. This occures whenever the network stack adds a packet to a
+device's send queue and the ``IFF_OACTIVE`` bit in the device's ``if_flags`` is
+not set.
-For many devices this function need only set the ``IFF_OACTIVE`` bit in the``if_flags`` and send an event to the transmit task
-indicating that a packet is in the driver transmit queue.
+For many devices this function need only set the ``IFF_OACTIVE`` bit in the
+``if_flags`` and send an event to the transmit task indicating that a packet is
+in the driver transmit queue.
Write the Driver Initialization Function.
=========================================
-This function should initialize the device, attach to interrupt handler,
-and start the driver transmit and receive tasks. The function
-.. code:: c
+This function should initialize the device, attach to interrupt handler, and
+start the driver transmit and receive tasks. The function
+
+.. code-block:: c
rtems_id
- rtems_bsdnet_newproc (char \*name,
- int stacksize,
- void(\*entry)(void \*),
- void \*arg);
+ rtems_bsdnet_newproc (char *name,
+ int stacksize,
+ void(*entry)(void *),
+ void *arg);
should be used to start the driver tasks.
Note that the network stack may call the driver initialization function more
-than once.
-Make sure multiple versions of the receive and transmit tasks are not accidentally
-started.
+than once. Make sure multiple versions of the receive and transmit tasks are
+not accidentally started.
Write the Driver Transmit Task
==============================
-This task is reponsible for removing packets from the driver send queue and sending them to the device. The task should block waiting for an event from the
-driver start function indicating that packets are waiting to be transmitted.
-When the transmit task has drained the driver send queue the task should clear
-the ``IFF_OACTIVE`` bit in ``if_flags`` and block until another outgoing
-packet is queued.
+This task is reponsible for removing packets from the driver send queue and
+sending them to the device. The task should block waiting for an event from
+the driver start function indicating that packets are waiting to be
+transmitted. When the transmit task has drained the driver send queue the task
+should clear the ``IFF_OACTIVE`` bit in ``if_flags`` and block until another
+outgoing packet is queued.
Write the Driver Receive Task
=============================
-This task should block until a packet arrives from the device. If the
-device is an Ethernet interface the function ``ether_input`` should be called
-to forward the packet to the network stack. The arguments to ``ether_input``
-are a pointer to the interface data structure, a pointer to the ethernet
-header and a pointer to an mbuf containing the packet itself.
+This task should block until a packet arrives from the device. If the device
+is an Ethernet interface the function ``ether_input`` should be called to
+forward the packet to the network stack. The arguments to ``ether_input`` are
+a pointer to the interface data structure, a pointer to the ethernet header and
+a pointer to an mbuf containing the packet itself.
Write the Driver Interrupt Handler
==================================
-A typical interrupt handler will do nothing more than the hardware
-manipulation required to acknowledge the interrupt and send an RTEMS event
-to wake up the driver receive or transmit task waiting for the event.
-Network interface interrupt handlers must not make any calls to other
-network routines.
+A typical interrupt handler will do nothing more than the hardware manipulation
+required to acknowledge the interrupt and send an RTEMS event to wake up the
+driver receive or transmit task waiting for the event. Network interface
+interrupt handlers must not make any calls to other network routines.
Write the Driver IOCTL Function
===============================
@@ -283,43 +278,28 @@ commands which must be handled are:
``SIOCGIFADDR``
``SIOCSIFADDR``
-
- If the device is an Ethernet interface these
- commands should be passed on to ``ether_ioctl``.
+ If the device is an Ethernet interface these commands should be passed on
+ to ``ether_ioctl``.
``SIOCSIFFLAGS``
-
- This command should be used to start or stop the device,
- depending on the state of the interface ``IFF_UP`` and``IFF_RUNNING`` bits in ``if_flags``:
+ This command should be used to start or stop the device, depending on the
+ state of the interface ``IFF_UP`` and ``IFF_RUNNING`` bits in ``if_flags``:
``IFF_RUNNING``
-
Stop the device.
``IFF_UP``
-
Start the device.
``IFF_UP|IFF_RUNNING``
-
Stop then start the device.
``0``
-
Do nothing.
Write the Driver Statistic-Printing Function
============================================
-This function should print the values of any statistic/diagnostic
-counters the network driver may use. The driver ioctl function should call
-the statistic-printing function when the ioctl command is``SIO_RTEMS_SHOW_STATS``.
-
-.. COMMENT: Written by Eric Norum
-
-.. COMMENT: COPYRIGHT (c) 1988-2002.
-
-.. COMMENT: On-Line Applications Research Corporation (OAR).
-
-.. COMMENT: All rights reserved.
-
+This function should print the values of any statistic/diagnostic counters the
+network driver may use. The driver ioctl function should call the
+statistic-printing function when the ioctl command is ``SIO_RTEMS_SHOW_STATS``.
diff --git a/networking/preface.rst b/networking/preface.rst
index 9c1649c..2c2b270 100644
--- a/networking/preface.rst
+++ b/networking/preface.rst
@@ -1,45 +1,38 @@
-=======
+.. COMMENT: Written by Eric Norum
+.. COMMENT: COPYRIGHT (c) 1988-2002.
+.. COMMENT: On-Line Applications Research Corporation (OAR).
+.. COMMENT: All rights reserved.
+
Preface
-=======
+#######
-This document describes the RTEMS specific parts of the FreeBSD TCP/IP
-stack. Much of this documentation was written by Eric Norum
-(eric@skatter.usask.ca)
-of the Saskatchewan Accelerator Laboratory
-who also ported the FreeBSD TCP/IP stack to RTEMS.
+This document describes the RTEMS specific parts of the FreeBSD TCP/IP stack.
+Much of this documentation was written by Eric Norum (eric@skatter.usask.ca) of
+the Saskatchewan Accelerator Laboratory who also ported the FreeBSD TCP/IP
+stack to RTEMS.
-The following is a list of resources which should be useful in trying
-to understand Ethernet:
+The following is a list of resources which should be useful in trying to
+understand Ethernet:
- *Charles Spurgeon's Ethernet Web Site*
- "This site provides extensive information about Ethernet
- (IEEE 802.3) local area network (LAN) technology. Including
- the original 10 Megabit per second (Mbps) system, the 100 Mbps
- Fast Ethernet system (802.3u), and the Gigabit Ethernet system (802.3z)."
- The URL is:
+ "This site provides extensive information about Ethernet (IEEE 802.3) local
+ area network (LAN) technology. Including the original 10 Megabit per second
+ (Mbps) system, the 100 Mbps Fast Ethernet system (802.3u), and the Gigabit
+ Ethernet system (802.3z)." The URL is:
(http://www.ethermanage.com/ethernet/ethernet.html)
-- *TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 1 : The Protocols* by
+- *TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 1 : The Protocols*
by W. Richard Stevens (ISBN: 0201633469)
This book provides detailed introduction to TCP/IP and includes diagnostic
programs which are publicly available.
-- *TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 2 : The Implementation* by W. Richard
- Stevens and Gary Wright (ISBN: 020163354X)
+- *TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 2 : The Implementation*
+ by W. Richard Stevens and Gary Wright (ISBN: 020163354X)
This book focuses on implementation issues regarding TCP/IP. The
treat for RTEMS users is that the implementation covered is the BSD
stack with most of the source code described in detail.
-- *UNIX Network Programming, Volume 1 : 2nd Edition* by W. Richard
- Stevens (ISBN: 0-13-490012-X)
+- *UNIX Network Programming, Volume 1 : 2nd Edition*
+ by W. Richard Stevens (ISBN: 0-13-490012-X)
This book describes how to write basic TCP/IP applications, again with primary
focus on the BSD stack.
-
-.. COMMENT: Written by Eric Norum
-
-.. COMMENT: COPYRIGHT (c) 1988-2002.
-
-.. COMMENT: On-Line Applications Research Corporation (OAR).
-
-.. COMMENT: All rights reserved.
-
diff --git a/networking/testing_the_driver.rst b/networking/testing_the_driver.rst
index 9a064e7..24134fb 100644
--- a/networking/testing_the_driver.rst
+++ b/networking/testing_the_driver.rst
@@ -1,3 +1,8 @@
+.. COMMENT: Text Written by Jake Janovetz
+.. COMMENT: COPYRIGHT (c) 1988-2002.
+.. COMMENT: On-Line Applications Research Corporation (OAR).
+.. COMMENT: All rights reserved.
+
Testing the Driver
##################
@@ -6,89 +11,84 @@ Preliminary Setup
The network used to test the driver should include at least:
-- The hardware on which the driver is to run.
- It makes testing much easier if you can run a debugger to control
- the operation of the target machine.
+- The hardware on which the driver is to run. It makes testing much easier if
+ you can run a debugger to control the operation of the target machine.
-- An Ethernet network analyzer or a workstation with an
- 'Ethernet snoop' program such as ``ethersnoop`` or``tcpdump``.
+- An Ethernet network analyzer or a workstation with an 'Ethernet snoop'
+ program such as ``ethersnoop`` or ``tcpdump``.
- A workstation.
-During early debug, you should consider putting the target, workstation,
-and snooper on a small network by themselves. This offers a few
-advantages:
+During early debug, you should consider putting the target, workstation, and
+snooper on a small network by themselves. This offers a few advantages:
-- There is less traffic to look at on the snooper and for the target
- to process while bringing the driver up.
+- There is less traffic to look at on the snooper and for the target to process
+ while bringing the driver up.
-- Any serious errors will impact only your small network not a building
- or campus network. You want to avoid causing any unnecessary problems.
+- Any serious errors will impact only your small network not a building or
+ campus network. You want to avoid causing any unnecessary problems.
- Test traffic is easier to repeatably generate.
-- Performance measurements are not impacted by other systems on
- the network.
+- Performance measurements are not impacted by other systems on the network.
Debug Output
============
-There are a number of sources of debug output that can be enabled
-to aid in tracing the behavior of the network stack. The following
-is a list of them:
+There are a number of sources of debug output that can be enabled to aid in
+tracing the behavior of the network stack. The following is a list of them:
- mbuf activity
- There are commented out calls to ``printf`` in the file``sys/mbuf.h`` in the network stack code. Uncommenting
- these lines results in output when mbuf's are allocated
- and freed. This is very useful for finding memory leaks.
+ There are commented out calls to ``printf`` in the file ``sys/mbuf.h`` in the
+ network stack code. Uncommenting these lines results in output when mbuf's
+ are allocated and freed. This is very useful for finding memory leaks.
- TX and RX queuing
- There are commented out calls to ``printf`` in the file``net/if.h`` in the network stack code. Uncommenting
- these lines results in output when packets are placed
- on or removed from one of the transmit or receive packet
- queues. These queues can be viewed as the boundary line
- between a device driver and the network stack. If the
- network stack is enqueuing packets to be transmitted that
- the device driver is not dequeuing, then that is indicative
- of a problem in the transmit side of the device driver.
- Conversely, if the device driver is enqueueing packets
- as it receives them (via a call to ``ether_input``) and
- they are not being dequeued by the network stack,
- then there is a problem. This situation would likely indicate
- that the network server task is not running.
+ There are commented out calls to ``printf`` in the file ``net/if.h`` in the
+ network stack code. Uncommenting these lines results in output when packets
+ are placed on or removed from one of the transmit or receive packet queues.
+ These queues can be viewed as the boundary line between a device driver and
+ the network stack. If the network stack is enqueuing packets to be
+ transmitted that the device driver is not dequeuing, then that is indicative
+ of a problem in the transmit side of the device driver. Conversely, if the
+ device driver is enqueueing packets as it receives them (via a call to
+ ``ether_input``) and they are not being dequeued by the network stack, then
+ there is a problem. This situation would likely indicate that the network
+ server task is not running.
- TCP state transitions
- In the unlikely event that one would actually want to see
- TCP state transitions, the ``TCPDEBUG`` macro can be defined
- in the file ``opt_tcpdebug.h``. This results in the routine``tcp_trace()`` being called by the network stack and
- the state transitions logged into the ``tcp_debug`` data
- structure. If the variable ``tcpconsdebug`` in the file``netinet/tcp_debug.c`` is set to 1, then the state transitions
- will also be printed to the console.
+
+ In the unlikely event that one would actually want to see TCP state
+ transitions, the ``TCPDEBUG`` macro can be defined in the file
+ ``opt_tcpdebug.h``. This results in the routine ``tcp_trace()`` being called
+ by the network stack and the state transitions logged into the ``tcp_debug``
+ data structure. If the variable ``tcpconsdebug`` in the file
+ ``netinet/tcp_debug.c`` is set to ``1``, then the state transitions will also
+ be printed to the console.
Monitor Commands
================
-There are a number of command available in the shell / monitor
-to aid in tracing the behavior of the network stack. The following
-is a list of them:
+There are a number of command available in the shell / monitor to aid in
+tracing the behavior of the network stack. The following is a list of them:
- ``inet``
- This command shows the current routing information for the TCP/IP stack. Following is an
- example showing the output of this command.
+ This command shows the current routing information for the TCP/IP
+ stack. Following is an example showing the output of this command.
- .. code:: c
+ .. code-block:: shell
Destination Gateway/Mask/Hw Flags Refs Use Expire Interface
10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 U 0 0 17 smc1
127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH 0 0 0 lo0
- In this example, there is only one network interface with an IP address of 10.8.1.1. This
- link is currently not up.
- Two routes that are shown are the default routes for the Ethernet interface (10.0.0.0) and the
- loopback interface (127.0.0.1).
- Since the stack comes from BSD, this command is very similar to the netstat command. For more
- details on the network routing please look the following
- URL: (http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/network-routing.html)
+ In this example, there is only one network interface with an IP address of
+ 10.8.1.1. This link is currently not up. Two routes that are shown are the
+ default routes for the Ethernet interface (10.0.0.0) and the loopback
+ interface (127.0.0.1). Since the stack comes from BSD, this command is very
+ similar to the netstat command. For more details on the network routing
+ please look the following URL:
+ (http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/network-routing.html)
For a quick reference to the flags, see the table below:
'``U``'
@@ -98,43 +98,44 @@ is a list of them:
Host: The route destination is a single host.
'``G``'
- Gateway: Send anything for this destination on to this remote system, which
- will figure out from there where to send it.
+ Gateway: Send anything for this destination on to this remote system,
+ which will figure out from there where to send it.
'``S``'
- Static: This route was configured manually, not automatically generated by the
- system.
+ Static: This route was configured manually, not automatically generated
+ by the system.
'``C``'
- Clone: Generates a new route based upon this route for machines we connect
- to. This type of route is normally used for local networks.
+ Clone: Generates a new route based upon this route for machines we
+ connect to. This type of route is normally used for local networks.
'``W``'
- WasCloned: Indicated a route that was auto-configured based upon a local area
- network (Clone) route.
+ WasCloned: Indicated a route that was auto-configured based upon a local
+ area network (Clone) route.
'``L``'
Link: Route involves references to Ethernet hardware.
- ``mbuf``
+ This command shows the current MBUF statistics. An example of the command is
+ shown below:
- This command shows the current MBUF statistics. An example of the command is shown below:
-
- .. code:: c
+ .. code-block:: shell
************ MBUF STATISTICS \************
mbufs:4096 clusters: 256 free: 241
drops: 0 waits: 0 drains: 0
free:4080 data:16 header:0 socket:0
- pcb:0 rtable:0 htable:0 atable:0
- soname:0 soopts:0 ftable:0 rights:0
- ifaddr:0 control:0 oobdata:0
+ pcb:0 rtable:0 htable:0 atable:0
+ soname:0 soopts:0 ftable:0 rights:0
+ ifaddr:0 control:0 oobdata:0
- ``if``
+ This command shows the current statistics for your Ethernet driver as long as
+ the ioctl hook ``SIO_RTEMS_SHOW_STATS`` has been implemented. Below is an
+ example:
- This command shows the current statistics for your Ethernet driver as long as the ioctl hook``SIO_RTEMS_SHOW_STATS`` has been implemented. Below is an example:
-
- .. code:: c
+ .. code-block:: shell
************ INTERFACE STATISTICS \************
\***** smc1 \*****
@@ -144,11 +145,11 @@ is a list of them:
Send queue limit:50 length:0 Dropped:0
SMC91C111 RTEMS driver A0.01 11/03/2002 Ian Caddy (ianc@microsol.iinet.net.au)
Rx Interrupts:0 Not First:0 Not Last:0
- Giant:0 Runt:0 Non-octet:0
- Bad CRC:0 Overrun:0 Collision:0
+ Giant:0 Runt:0 Non-octet:0
+ Bad CRC:0 Overrun:0 Collision:0
Tx Interrupts:2 Deferred:0 Missed Hearbeat:0
- No Carrier:0 Retransmit Limit:0 Late Collision:0
- Underrun:0 Raw output wait:0 Coalesced:0
+ No Carrier:0 Retransmit Limit:0 Late Collision:0
+ Underrun:0 Raw output wait:0 Coalesced:0
Coalesce failed:0 Retries:0
\***** lo0 \*****
Address:127.0.0.1 Net mask:255.0.0.0
@@ -176,15 +177,12 @@ The network demonstration program ``netdemo`` may be used for these tests.
- Start with ``RTEMS_USE_BOOTP`` not defined.
-- Edit ``networkconfig.h`` to configure the driver
- with an
- explicit Ethernet and Internet address and with reception of
- broadcast packets disabled:
- Verify that the program continues to run once the driver has been attached.
+- Edit ``networkconfig.h`` to configure the driver with an explicit Ethernet
+ and Internet address and with reception of broadcast packets disabled: Verify
+ that the program continues to run once the driver has been attached.
-- Issue a '``u``' command to send UDP
- packets to the 'discard' port.
- Verify that the packets appear on the network.
+- Issue a '``u``' command to send UDP packets to the 'discard' port. Verify
+ that the packets appear on the network.
- Issue a '``s``' command to print the network and driver statistics.
@@ -193,124 +191,109 @@ The network demonstration program ``netdemo`` may be used for these tests.
- On that same workstation try to 'ping' the target system.
Verify that the ICMP echo request and reply packets appear on the net.
-- Remove the static route to the target system.
- Modify ``networkconfig.h`` to attach the driver
- with reception of broadcast packets enabled.
- Try to 'ping' the target system again.
- Verify that ARP request/reply and ICMP echo request/reply packets appear
- on the net.
+- Remove the static route to the target system. Modify ``networkconfig.h`` to
+ attach the driver with reception of broadcast packets enabled. Try to 'ping'
+ the target system again. Verify that ARP request/reply and ICMP echo
+ request/reply packets appear on the net.
-- Issue a '``t``' command to send TCP
- packets to the 'discard' port.
- Verify that the packets appear on the network.
+- Issue a '``t``' command to send TCP packets to the 'discard' port. Verify
+ that the packets appear on the network.
- Issue a '``s``' command to print the network and driver statistics.
-- Verify that you can telnet to ports 24742
- and 24743 on the target system from one or more
- workstations on your network.
+- Verify that you can telnet to ports 24742 and 24743 on the target system from
+ one or more workstations on your network.
BOOTP/DHCP operation
====================
-Set up a BOOTP/DHCP server on the network.
-Set define ``RTEMS USE_BOOT`` in ``networkconfig.h``.
-Run the ``netdemo`` test program.
-Verify that the target system configures itself from the BOOTP/DHCP server and
-that all the above tests succeed.
+Set up a BOOTP/DHCP server on the network. Set define ``RTEMS USE_BOOT`` in
+``networkconfig.h``. Run the ``netdemo`` test program. Verify that the target
+system configures itself from the BOOTP/DHCP server and that all the above
+tests succeed.
Stress Tests
============
-Once the driver passes the tests described in the previous section it should
-be subjected to conditions which exercise it more
-thoroughly and which test its error handling routines.
+Once the driver passes the tests described in the previous section it should be
+subjected to conditions which exercise it more thoroughly and which test its
+error handling routines.
Giant packets
-------------
-- Recompile the driver with ``MAXIMUM_FRAME_SIZE`` set to
- a smaller value, say 514.
+- Recompile the driver with ``MAXIMUM_FRAME_SIZE`` set to a smaller value,
+ say 514.
-- 'Ping' the driver from another workstation and verify
- that frames larger than 514 bytes are correctly rejected.
+- 'Ping' the driver from another workstation and verify that frames larger than
+ 514 bytes are correctly rejected.
- Recompile the driver with ``MAXIMUM_FRAME_SIZE`` restored to 1518.
Resource Exhaustion
-------------------
-- Edit ``networkconfig.h``
- so that the driver is configured with just two receive and transmit descriptors.
+- Edit ``networkconfig.h`` so that the driver is configured with just two
+ receive and transmit descriptors.
- Compile and run the ``netdemo`` program.
-- Verify that the program operates properly and that you can
- still telnet to both the ports.
+- Verify that the program operates properly and that you can still telnet to
+ both the ports.
-- Display the driver statistics (Console '``s``' command or telnet
- 'control-G' character) and verify that:
+- Display the driver statistics (Console '``s``' command or telnet 'control-G'
+ character) and verify that:
- # The number of transmit interrupts is non-zero.
- This indicates that all transmit descriptors have been in use at some time.
+ #. The number of transmit interrupts is non-zero. This indicates that all
+ transmit descriptors have been in use at some time.
- # The number of missed packets is non-zero.
- This indicates that all receive descriptors have been in use at some time.
+ #. The number of missed packets is non-zero. This indicates that all receive
+ descriptors have been in use at some time.
Cable Faults
------------
- Run the ``netdemo`` program.
-- Issue a '``u``' console command to make the target machine transmit
- a bunch of UDP packets.
+- Issue a '``u``' console command to make the target machine transmit a bunch
+ of UDP packets.
-- While the packets are being transmitted, disconnect and reconnect the
- network cable.
+- While the packets are being transmitted, disconnect and reconnect the network
+ cable.
-- Display the network statistics and verify that the driver has
- detected the loss of carrier.
+- Display the network statistics and verify that the driver has detected the
+ loss of carrier.
- Verify that you can still telnet to both ports on the target machine.
Throughput
----------
-Run the ``ttcp`` network benchmark program.
-Transfer large amounts of data (100's of megabytes) to and from the target
-system.
-
-The procedure for testing throughput from a host to an RTEMS target
-is as follows:
+Run the ``ttcp`` network benchmark program. Transfer large amounts of data
+(100's of megabytes) to and from the target system.
-# Download and start the ttcp program on the Target.
+The procedure for testing throughput from a host to an RTEMS target is as
+follows:
-# In response to the ``ttcp`` prompt, enter ``-s -r``. The
- meaning of these flags is described in the ``ttcp.1`` manual page
- found in the ``ttcp_orig`` subdirectory.
+ #. Download and start the ttcp program on the Target.
-# On the host run ``ttcp -s -t <<insert the hostname or IP address of the Target here>>``
+ #. In response to the ``ttcp`` prompt, enter ``-s -r``. The meaning of these
+ flags is described in the ``ttcp.1`` manual page found in the ``ttcp_orig``
+ subdirectory.
-The procedure for testing throughput from an RTEMS target
-to a Host is as follows:
+ #. On the host run ``ttcp -s -t <<insert the hostname or IP address of the Target here>>``
-# On the host run ``ttcp -s -r``.
+The procedure for testing throughput from an RTEMS target to a Host is as
+follows:
-# Download and start the ttcp program on the Target.
+ #. On the host run ``ttcp -s -r``.
-# In response to the ``ttcp`` prompt, enter ``-s -t <<insert the hostname or IP address of the Target here>>``. You need to type the
- IP address of the host unless your Target is talking to your Domain Name
- Server.
+ #. Download and start the ttcp program on the Target.
-To change the number of buffers, the buffer size, etc. you just add the
-extra flags to the ``-t`` machine as specified in the ``ttcp.1``
-manual page found in the ``ttcp_orig`` subdirectory.
-
-.. COMMENT: Text Written by Jake Janovetz
-
-.. COMMENT: COPYRIGHT (c) 1988-2002.
-
-.. COMMENT: On-Line Applications Research Corporation (OAR).
-
-.. COMMENT: All rights reserved.
+ #. In response to the ``ttcp`` prompt, enter ``-s -t <<insert the hostname or
+ IP address of the Target here>>``. You need to type the IP address of the
+ host unless your Target is talking to your Domain Name Server.
+To change the number of buffers, the buffer size, etc. you just add the extra
+flags to the ``-t`` machine as specified in the ``ttcp.1`` manual page found in
+the ``ttcp_orig`` subdirectory.
diff --git a/networking/using_networking_rtems_app.rst b/networking/using_networking_rtems_app.rst
index bd6f9f5..dfc422b 100644
--- a/networking/using_networking_rtems_app.rst
+++ b/networking/using_networking_rtems_app.rst
@@ -1,3 +1,8 @@
+.. COMMENT: Written by Eric Norum
+.. COMMENT: COPYRIGHT (c) 1988-2002.
+.. COMMENT: On-Line Applications Research Corporation (OAR).
+.. COMMENT: All rights reserved.
+
Using Networking in an RTEMS Application
########################################
@@ -7,20 +12,20 @@ Makefile changes
Including the required managers
-------------------------------
-The FreeBSD networking code requires several RTEMS managers
-in the application:
-.. code:: c
+The FreeBSD networking code requires several RTEMS managers in the application:
+
+.. code-block:: c
MANAGERS = io event semaphore
Increasing the size of the heap
-------------------------------
-The networking tasks allocate a lot of memory. For most applications
-the heap should be at least 256 kbytes.
-The amount of memory set aside for the heap can be adjusted by setting
-the ``CFLAGS_LD`` definition as shown below:
-.. code:: c
+The networking tasks allocate a lot of memory. For most applications the heap
+should be at least 256 kbytes. The amount of memory set aside for the heap can
+be adjusted by setting the ``CFLAGS_LD`` definition as shown below:
+
+.. code-block:: c
CFLAGS_LD += -Wl,--defsym -Wl,HeapSize=0x80000
@@ -29,22 +34,20 @@ This sets aside 512 kbytes of memory for the heap.
System Configuration
====================
-The networking tasks allocate some RTEMS objects. These
-must be accounted for in the application configuration table. The following
-lists the requirements.
+The networking tasks allocate some RTEMS objects. These must be accounted for
+in the application configuration table. The following lists the requirements.
*TASKS*
One network task plus a receive and transmit task for each device.
*SEMAPHORES*
- One network semaphore plus one syslog mutex semaphore if the application uses
- openlog/syslog.
+ One network semaphore plus one syslog mutex semaphore if the application
+ uses openlog/syslog.
*EVENTS*
- The network stack uses ``RTEMS_EVENT_24`` and ``RTEMS_EVENT_25``.
- This has no effect on the application configuration, but
- application tasks which call the network functions should not
- use these events for other purposes.
+ The network stack uses ``RTEMS_EVENT_24`` and ``RTEMS_EVENT_25``. This has
+ no effect on the application configuration, but application tasks which
+ call the network functions should not use these events for other purposes.
Initialization
==============
@@ -52,92 +55,92 @@ Initialization
Additional include files
------------------------
-The source file which declares the network configuration
-structures and calls the network initialization function must include
-.. code:: c
+The source file which declares the network configuration structures and calls
+the network initialization function must include
+
+.. code-block:: c
#include <rtems/rtems_bsdnet.h>
Network Configuration
---------------------
-The network configuration is specified by declaring
-and initializing the ``rtems_bsdnet_config``
-structure.
-.. code:: c
+The network configuration is specified by declaring and initializing the
+``rtems_bsdnet_config`` structure.
+
+.. code-block:: c
struct rtems_bsdnet_config {
- /*
- * This entry points to the head of the ifconfig chain.
- \*/
- struct rtems_bsdnet_ifconfig \*ifconfig;
- /*
- * This entry should be rtems_bsdnet_do_bootp if BOOTP
- * is being used to configure the network, and NULL
- * if BOOTP is not being used.
- \*/
- void (\*bootp)(void);
- /*
- * The remaining items can be initialized to 0, in
- * which case the default value will be used.
- \*/
- rtems_task_priority network_task_priority; /* 100 \*/
- unsigned long mbuf_bytecount; /* 64 kbytes \*/
- unsigned long mbuf_cluster_bytecount; /* 128 kbytes \*/
- char \*hostname; /* BOOTP \*/
- char \*domainname; /* BOOTP \*/
- char \*gateway; /* BOOTP \*/
- char \*log_host; /* BOOTP \*/
- char \*name_server[3]; /* BOOTP \*/
- char \*ntp_server[3]; /* BOOTP \*/
- unsigned long sb_efficiency; /* 2 \*/
- /* UDP TX: 9216 bytes \*/
- unsigned long udp_tx_buf_size;
- /* UDP RX: 40 * (1024 + sizeof(struct sockaddr_in)) \*/
- unsigned long udp_rx_buf_size;
- /* TCP TX: 16 * 1024 bytes \*/
- unsigned long tcp_tx_buf_size;
- /* TCP TX: 16 * 1024 bytes \*/
- unsigned long tcp_rx_buf_size;
- /* Default Network Tasks CPU Affinity \*/
- #ifdef RTEMS_SMP
- const cpu_set_t \*network_task_cpuset;
- size_t network_task_cpuset_size;
- #endif
+ /*
+ * This entry points to the head of the ifconfig chain.
+ */
+ struct rtems_bsdnet_ifconfig *ifconfig;
+ /*
+ * This entry should be rtems_bsdnet_do_bootp if BOOTP
+ * is being used to configure the network, and NULL
+ * if BOOTP is not being used.
+ */
+ void (*bootp)(void);
+ /*
+ * The remaining items can be initialized to 0, in
+ * which case the default value will be used.
+ */
+ rtems_task_priority network_task_priority; /* 100 */
+ unsigned long mbuf_bytecount; /* 64 kbytes */
+ unsigned long mbuf_cluster_bytecount; /* 128 kbytes */
+ char *hostname; /* BOOTP */
+ char *domainname; /* BOOTP */
+ char *gateway; /* BOOTP */
+ char *log_host; /* BOOTP */
+ char *name_server[3]; /* BOOTP */
+ char *ntp_server[3]; /* BOOTP */
+ unsigned long sb_efficiency; /* 2 */
+ /* UDP TX: 9216 bytes */
+ unsigned long udp_tx_buf_size;
+ /* UDP RX: 40 * (1024 + sizeof(struct sockaddr_in)) */
+ unsigned long udp_rx_buf_size;
+ /* TCP TX: 16 * 1024 bytes */
+ unsigned long tcp_tx_buf_size;
+ /* TCP TX: 16 * 1024 bytes */
+ unsigned long tcp_rx_buf_size;
+ /* Default Network Tasks CPU Affinity */
+ #ifdef RTEMS_SMP
+ const cpu_set_t *network_task_cpuset;
+ size_t network_task_cpuset_size;
+ #endif
};
-The structure entries are described in the following table.
-If your application uses BOOTP/DHCP to obtain network configuration
-information and if you are happy with the default values described
-below, you need to provide only the first two entries in this structure.
-
-``struct rtems_bsdnet_ifconfig \*ifconfig``
-
- A pointer to the first configuration structure of the first network
- device. This structure is described in the following section.
- You must provide a value for this entry since there is no default value for it.
-
-``void (\*bootp)(void)``
-
- This entry should be set to ``rtems_bsdnet_do_bootp`` if your
- application by default uses the BOOTP/DHCP client protocol to obtain
- network configuration information. It should be set to ``NULL`` if
- your application does not use BOOTP/DHCP.
- You can also use ``rtems_bsdnet_do_bootp_rootfs`` to have a set of
- standard files created with the information return by the BOOTP/DHCP
- protocol. The IP address is added to :file:`/etc/hosts` with the host
- name and domain returned. If no host name or domain is returned``me.mydomain`` is used. The BOOTP/DHCP server's address is also
- added to :file:`/etc/hosts`. The domain name server listed in the
- BOOTP/DHCP information are added to :file:`/etc/resolv.conf`. A``search`` record is also added if a domain is returned. The files
- are created if they do not exist.
- The default ``rtems_bsdnet_do_bootp`` and``rtems_bsdnet_do_bootp_rootfs`` handlers will loop for-ever
- waiting for a BOOTP/DHCP server to respond. If an error is detected
- such as not valid interface or valid hardware address the target will
- reboot allowing any hardware reset to correct itself.
- You can provide your own custom handler which allows you to perform
- an initialization that meets your specific system requirements. For
- example you could try BOOTP/DHCP then enter a configuration tool if no
- server is found allowing the user to switch to a static configuration.
+The structure entries are described in the following table. If your
+application uses BOOTP/DHCP to obtain network configuration information and if
+you are happy with the default values described below, you need to provide only
+the first two entries in this structure.
+
+``struct rtems_bsdnet_ifconfig *ifconfig``
+ A pointer to the first configuration structure of the first network device.
+ This structure is described in the following section. You must provide a
+ value for this entry since there is no default value for it.
+
+``void (*bootp)(void)``
+ This entry should be set to ``rtems_bsdnet_do_bootp`` if your application
+ by default uses the BOOTP/DHCP client protocol to obtain network
+ configuration information. It should be set to ``NULL`` if your
+ application does not use BOOTP/DHCP. You can also use
+ ``rtems_bsdnet_do_bootp_rootfs`` to have a set of standard files created
+ with the information return by the BOOTP/DHCP protocol. The IP address is
+ added to :file:`/etc/hosts` with the host name and domain returned. If no
+ host name or domain is returned ``me.mydomain`` is used. The BOOTP/DHCP
+ server's address is also added to :file:`/etc/hosts`. The domain name
+ server listed in the BOOTP/DHCP information are added to
+ :file:`/etc/resolv.conf`. A``search`` record is also added if a domain is
+ returned. The files are created if they do not exist. The default
+ ``rtems_bsdnet_do_bootp`` and ``rtems_bsdnet_do_bootp_rootfs`` handlers
+ will loop for-ever waiting for a BOOTP/DHCP server to respond. If an error
+ is detected such as not valid interface or valid hardware address the
+ target will reboot allowing any hardware reset to correct itself. You can
+ provide your own custom handler which allows you to perform an
+ initialization that meets your specific system requirements. For example
+ you could try BOOTP/DHCP then enter a configuration tool if no server is
+ found allowing the user to switch to a static configuration.
``int network_task_priority``
The priority at which the network task and network device
@@ -152,95 +155,88 @@ below, you need to provide only the first two entries in this structure.
The number of bytes to allocate from the heap for use as mbuf clusters.
If a value of 0 is specified, 128 kbytes will be allocated.
-``char \*hostname``
+``char *hostname``
The host name of the system.
If this, or any of the following, entries are ``NULL`` the value
may be obtained from a BOOTP/DHCP server.
-``char \*domainname``
+``char *domainname``
The name of the Internet domain to which the system belongs.
-``char \*gateway``
- The Internet host number of the network gateway machine,
- specified in 'dotted decimal' (``129.128.4.1``) form.
+``char *gateway``
+ The Internet host number of the network gateway machine, specified in
+ 'dotted decimal' (``129.128.4.1``) form.
-``char \*log_host``
- The Internet host number of the machine to which ``syslog`` messages
- will be sent.
+``char *log_host``
+ The Internet host number of the machine to which ``syslog`` messages will
+ be sent.
-``char \*name_server[3]``
- The Internet host numbers of up to three machines to be used as
- Internet Domain Name Servers.
+``char *name_server[3]``
+ The Internet host numbers of up to three machines to be used as Internet
+ Domain Name Servers.
-``char \*ntp_server[3]``
+``char *ntp_server[3]``
The Internet host numbers of up to three machines to be used as
Network Time Protocol (NTP) Servers.
``unsigned long sb_efficiency``
- This is the first of five configuration parameters related to
- the amount of memory each socket may consume for buffers. The
- TCP/IP stack reserves buffers (e.g. mbufs) for each open socket. The
- TCP/IP stack has different limits for the transmit and receive
- buffers associated with each TCP and UDP socket. By tuning these
- parameters, the application developer can make trade-offs between
- memory consumption and performance. The default parameters favor
- performance over memory consumption. Seehttp://www.rtems.org/ml/rtems-users/2004/february/msg00200.html
- for more details but note that after the RTEMS 4.8 release series,
- the sb_efficiency default was changed from ``8`` to ``2``.
- The user should also be aware of the ``SO_SNDBUF`` and ``SO_RCVBUF``
- IO control operations. These can be used to specify the
- send and receive buffer sizes for a specific socket. There
- is no standard IO control to change the ``sb_efficiency`` factor.
- The ``sb_efficiency`` parameter is a buffering factor used
- in the implementation of the TCP/IP stack. The default is ``2``
- which indicates double buffering. When allocating memory for each
+ This is the first of five configuration parameters related to the amount of
+ memory each socket may consume for buffers. The TCP/IP stack reserves
+ buffers (e.g. mbufs) for each open socket. The TCP/IP stack has different
+ limits for the transmit and receive buffers associated with each TCP and
+ UDP socket. By tuning these parameters, the application developer can make
+ trade-offs between memory consumption and performance. The default
+ parameters favor performance over memory consumption. See
+ http://www.rtems.org/ml/rtems-users/2004/february/msg00200.html for more
+ details but note that after the RTEMS 4.8 release series, the
+ ``sb_efficiency`` default was changed from ``8`` to ``2``. The user should
+ also be aware of the ``SO_SNDBUF`` and ``SO_RCVBUF`` IO control operations.
+ These can be used to specify the send and receive buffer sizes for a
+ specific socket. There is no standard IO control to change the
+ ``sb_efficiency`` factor. The ``sb_efficiency`` parameter is a buffering
+ factor used in the implementation of the TCP/IP stack. The default is
+ ``2`` which indicates double buffering. When allocating memory for each
socket, this number is multiplied by the buffer sizes for that socket.
``unsigned long udp_tx_buf_size``
-
- This configuration parameter specifies the maximum amount of
- buffer memory which may be used for UDP sockets to transmit
- with. The default size is 9216 bytes which corresponds to
- the maximum datagram size.
+ This configuration parameter specifies the maximum amount of buffer memory
+ which may be used for UDP sockets to transmit with. The default size is
+ 9216 bytes which corresponds to the maximum datagram size.
``unsigned long udp_rx_buf_size``
+ This configuration parameter specifies the maximum amount of buffer memory
+ which may be used for UDP sockets to receive into. The default size is the
+ following length in bytes:
- This configuration parameter specifies the maximum amount of
- buffer memory which may be used for UDP sockets to receive
- into. The default size is the following length in bytes:
-
- .. code:: c
+ .. code-block:: c
40 * (1024 + sizeof(struct sockaddr_in)
``unsigned long tcp_tx_buf_size``
-
- This configuration parameter specifies the maximum amount of
- buffer memory which may be used for TCP sockets to transmit
- with. The default size is sixteen kilobytes.
+ This configuration parameter specifies the maximum amount of buffer memory
+ which may be used for TCP sockets to transmit with. The default size is
+ sixteen kilobytes.
``unsigned long tcp_rx_buf_size``
+ This configuration parameter specifies the maximum amount of buffer memory
+ which may be used for TCP sockets to receive into. The default size is
+ sixteen kilobytes.
- This configuration parameter specifies the maximum amount of
- buffer memory which may be used for TCP sockets to receive
- into. The default size is sixteen kilobytes.
-
-``const cpu_set_t \*network_task_cpuset``
-
- This configuration parameter specifies the CPU affinity of the
- network task. If set to ``0`` the network task can be scheduled on
- any CPU. Only available in SMP configurations.
+``const cpu_set_t *network_task_cpuset``
+ This configuration parameter specifies the CPU affinity of the network
+ task. If set to ``0`` the network task can be scheduled on any CPU. Only
+ available in SMP configurations.
``size_t network_task_cpuset_size``
+ This configuration parameter specifies the size of the
+ ``network_task_cpuset`` used. Only available in SMP configurations.
- This configuration parameter specifies the size of the``network_task_cpuset`` used. Only available in SMP configurations.
-
-In addition, the following fields in the ``rtems_bsdnet_ifconfig``
-are of interest.
+In addition, the following fields in the ``rtems_bsdnet_ifconfig`` are of
+interest.
*int port*
- The I/O port number (ex: 0x240) on which the external Ethernet
- can be accessed.
+ The I/O port number (ex: 0x240) on which the external Ethernet can be
+ accessed.
*int irno*
The interrupt number of the external Ethernet controller.
@@ -251,133 +247,125 @@ are of interest.
Network device configuration
----------------------------
-Network devices are specified and configured by declaring and initializing a``struct rtems_bsdnet_ifconfig`` structure for each network device.
+Network devices are specified and configured by declaring and initializing a
+``struct rtems_bsdnet_ifconfig`` structure for each network device.
The structure entries are described in the following table. An application
which uses a single network interface, gets network configuration information
-from a BOOTP/DHCP server, and uses the default values for all driver
-parameters needs to initialize only the first two entries in the
-structure.
-
-``char \*name``
- The full name of the network device. This name consists of the
- driver name and the unit number (e.g. ``"scc1"``).
- The ``bsp.h`` include file usually defines RTEMS_BSP_NETWORK_DRIVER_NAME as
- the name of the primary (or only) network driver.
-
-``int (\*attach)(struct rtems_bsdnet_ifconfig \*conf)``
- The address of the driver ``attach`` function. The network
- initialization function calls this function to configure the driver and
- attach it to the network stack.
- The ``bsp.h`` include file usually defines RTEMS_BSP_NETWORK_DRIVER_ATTACH as
- the name of the attach function of the primary (or only) network driver.
-
-``struct rtems_bsdnet_ifconfig \*next``
- A pointer to the network device configuration structure for the next network
- interface, or ``NULL`` if this is the configuration structure of the
- last network interface.
-
-``char \*ip_address``
- The Internet address of the device,
- specified in 'dotted decimal' (``129.128.4.2``) form, or ``NULL``
- if the device configuration information is being obtained from a
- BOOTP/DHCP server.
-
-``char \*ip_netmask``
- The Internet inetwork mask of the device,
- specified in 'dotted decimal' (``255.255.255.0``) form, or ``NULL``
- if the device configuration information is being obtained from a
- BOOTP/DHCP server.
-
-``void \*hardware_address``
- The hardware address of the device, or ``NULL`` if the driver is
- to obtain the hardware address in some other way (usually by reading
- it from the device or from the bootstrap ROM).
+from a BOOTP/DHCP server, and uses the default values for all driver parameters
+needs to initialize only the first two entries in the structure.
+
+``char *name``
+ The full name of the network device. This name consists of the driver name
+ and the unit number (e.g. ``"scc1"``). The ``bsp.h`` include file usually
+ defines ``RTEMS_BSP_NETWORK_DRIVER_NAME`` as the name of the primary (or
+ only) network driver.
+
+``int (*attach)(struct rtems_bsdnet_ifconfig *conf)``
+
+ The address of the driver ``attach`` function. The network initialization
+ function calls this function to configure the driver and attach it to the
+ network stack. The ``bsp.h`` include file usually defines
+ ``RTEMS_BSP_NETWORK_DRIVER_ATTACH`` as the name of the attach function of
+ the primary (or only) network driver.
+
+``struct rtems_bsdnet_ifconfig *next``
+ A pointer to the network device configuration structure for the next
+ network interface, or ``NULL`` if this is the configuration structure of
+ the last network interface.
+
+``char *ip_address``
+ The Internet address of the device, specified in 'dotted decimal'
+ (``129.128.4.2``) form, or ``NULL`` if the device configuration information
+ is being obtained from a BOOTP/DHCP server.
+
+``char *ip_netmask``
+ The Internet inetwork mask of the device, specified in 'dotted decimal'
+ (``255.255.255.0``) form, or ``NULL`` if the device configuration
+ information is being obtained from a BOOTP/DHCP server.
+
+``void *hardware_address``
+ The hardware address of the device, or ``NULL`` if the driver is to obtain
+ the hardware address in some other way (usually by reading it from the
+ device or from the bootstrap ROM).
``int ignore_broadcast``
Zero if the device is to accept broadcast packets, non-zero if the device
is to ignore broadcast packets.
``int mtu``
- The maximum transmission unit of the device, or zero if the driver
- is to choose a default value (typically 1500 for Ethernet devices).
+ The maximum transmission unit of the device, or zero if the driver is to
+ choose a default value (typically 1500 for Ethernet devices).
``int rbuf_count``
- The number of receive buffers to use, or zero if the driver is to
- choose a default value
+ The number of receive buffers to use, or zero if the driver is to choose a
+ default value
``int xbuf_count``
- The number of transmit buffers to use, or zero if the driver is to
- choose a default value
- Keep in mind that some network devices may use 4 or more
+ The number of transmit buffers to use, or zero if the driver is to choose a
+ default value Keep in mind that some network devices may use 4 or more
transmit descriptors for a single transmit buffer.
A complete network configuration specification can be as simple as the one
-shown in the following example.
-This configuration uses a single network interface, gets
-network configuration information
-from a BOOTP/DHCP server, and uses the default values for all driver
-parameters.
-.. code:: c
+shown in the following example. This configuration uses a single network
+interface, gets network configuration information from a BOOTP/DHCP server, and
+uses the default values for all driver parameters.
+
+.. code-block:: c
static struct rtems_bsdnet_ifconfig netdriver_config = {
- RTEMS_BSP_NETWORK_DRIVER_NAME,
- RTEMS_BSP_NETWORK_DRIVER_ATTACH
+ RTEMS_BSP_NETWORK_DRIVER_NAME,
+ RTEMS_BSP_NETWORK_DRIVER_ATTACH
};
struct rtems_bsdnet_config rtems_bsdnet_config = {
- &netdriver_config,
- rtems_bsdnet_do_bootp,
+ &netdriver_config,
+ rtems_bsdnet_do_bootp,
};
Network initialization
----------------------
-The networking tasks must be started before any network I/O operations
-can be performed. This is done by calling:
+The networking tasks must be started before any network I/O operations can be
+performed. This is done by calling:
-.. code:: c
+.. code-block:: c
rtems_bsdnet_initialize_network ();
-This function is declared in ``rtems/rtems_bsdnet.h``.
-t returns 0 on success and -1 on failure with an error code
-in ``errno``. It is not possible to undo the effects of
-a partial initialization, though, so the function can be
-called only once irregardless of the return code. Consequently,
-if the condition for the failure can be corrected, the
-system must be reset to permit another network initialization
-attempt.
+This function is declared in ``rtems/rtems_bsdnet.h``. t returns 0 on success
+and -1 on failure with an error code in ``errno``. It is not possible to undo
+the effects of a partial initialization, though, so the function can be called
+only once irregardless of the return code. Consequently, if the condition for
+the failure can be corrected, the system must be reset to permit another
+network initialization attempt.
Application Programming Interface
=================================
The RTEMS network package provides almost a complete set of BSD network
-services. The network functions work like their BSD counterparts
-with the following exceptions:
+services. The network functions work like their BSD counterparts with the
+following exceptions:
- A given socket can be read or written by only one task at a time.
-- The ``select`` function only works for file descriptors associated
- with sockets.
+- The ``select`` function only works for file descriptors associated with
+ sockets.
- You must call ``openlog`` before calling any of the ``syslog`` functions.
-- *Some of the network functions are not thread-safe.*
- For example the following functions return a pointer to a static
- buffer which remains valid only until the next call:
+- *Some of the network functions are not thread-safe.* For example the
+ following functions return a pointer to a static buffer which remains valid
+ only until the next call:
``gethostbyaddr``
-
``gethostbyname``
-
``inet_ntoa``
-
(``inet_ntop`` is thread-safe, though).
- The RTEMS network package gathers statistics.
-- Addition of a mechanism to "tap onto" an interface
- and monitor every packet received and transmitted.
+- Addition of a mechanism to "tap onto" an interface and monitor every packet
+ received and transmitted.
- Addition of ``SO_SNDWAKEUP`` and ``SO_RCVWAKEUP`` socket options.
@@ -387,9 +375,8 @@ sections.
Network Statistics
------------------
-There are a number of functions to print statistics gathered by
-the network stack.
-These function are declared in ``rtems/rtems_bsdnet.h``.
+There are a number of functions to print statistics gathered by the network
+stack. These function are declared in ``rtems/rtems_bsdnet.h``.
``rtems_bsdnet_show_if_stats``
Display statistics gathered by network interfaces.
@@ -415,442 +402,451 @@ These function are declared in ``rtems/rtems_bsdnet.h``.
Tapping Into an Interface
-------------------------
-RTEMS add two new ioctls to the BSD networking code:
-SIOCSIFTAP and SIOCGIFTAP. These may be used to set and get a*tap function*. The tap function will be called for every
-Ethernet packet received by the interface.
+RTEMS add two new ioctls to the BSD networking code, ``SIOCSIFTAP`` and
+``SIOCGIFTAP``. These may be used to set and get a *tap function*. The tap
+function will be called for every Ethernet packet received by the interface.
-These are called like other interface ioctls, such as SIOCSIFADDR.
-When setting the tap function with SIOCSIFTAP, set the ifr_tap field
-of the ifreq struct to the tap function. When retrieving the tap
-function with SIOCGIFTAP, the current tap function will be returned in
-the ifr_tap field. To stop tapping packets, call SIOCSIFTAP with a
-ifr_tap field of 0.
+These are called like other interface ioctls, such as ``SIOCSIFADDR``. When
+setting the tap function with ``SIOCSIFTAP``, set the ifr_tap field of the
+ifreq struct to the tap function. When retrieving the tap function with
+``SIOCGIFTAP``, the current tap function will be returned in the ifr_tap field.
+To stop tapping packets, call ``SIOCSIFTAP`` with a ``ifr_tap`` field of ``0``.
The tap function is called like this:
-.. code:: c
- int tap (struct ifnet \*, struct ether_header \*, struct mbuf \*)
+.. code-block:: c
-The tap function should return 1 if the packet was fully handled, in
-which case the caller will simply discard the mbuf. The tap function
-should return 0 if the packet should be passed up to the higher
-networking layers.
+ int tap (struct ifnet *, struct ether_header *, struct mbuf *)
-The tap function is called with the network semaphore locked. It must
-not make any calls on the application levels of the networking level
-itself. It is safe to call other non-networking RTEMS functions.
+The tap function should return ``1`` if the packet was fully handled, in which
+case the caller will simply discard the mbuf. The tap function should return
+``0`` if the packet should be passed up to the higher networking layers.
+
+The tap function is called with the network semaphore locked. It must not make
+any calls on the application levels of the networking level itself. It is safe
+to call other non-networking RTEMS functions.
Socket Options
--------------
-RTEMS adds two new ``SOL_SOCKET`` level options for ``setsockopt`` and``getsockopt``: ``SO_SNDWAKEUP`` and ``SO_RCVWAKEUP``. For both, the
-option value should point to a sockwakeup structure. The sockwakeup
-structure has the following fields:
-.. code:: c
+RTEMS adds two new ``SOL_SOCKET`` level options for ``setsockopt`` and
+``getsockopt``: ``SO_SNDWAKEUP`` and ``SO_RCVWAKEUP``. For both, the option
+value should point to a sockwakeup structure. The sockwakeup structure has the
+following fields:
+
+.. code-block:: c
- void (\*sw_pfn) (struct socket \*, caddr_t);
+ void (*sw_pfn) (struct socket *, caddr_t);
caddr_t sw_arg;
These options are used to set a callback function to be called when, for
-example, there is
-data available from the socket (``SO_RCVWAKEUP``) and when there is space
-available to accept data written to the socket (``SO_SNDWAKEUP``).
-
-If ``setsockopt`` is called with the ``SO_RCVWAKEUP`` option, and the``sw_pfn`` field is not zero, then when there is data
-available to be read from
-the socket, the function pointed to by the ``sw_pfn`` field will be
-called. A pointer to the socket structure will be passed as the first
-argument to the function. The ``sw_arg`` field set by the``SO_RCVWAKEUP`` call will be passed as the second argument to the function.
-
-If ``setsockopt`` is called with the ``SO_SNDWAKEUP``
-function, and the ``sw_pfn`` field is not zero, then when
-there is space available to accept data written to the socket,
-the function pointed to by the ``sw_pfn`` field
-will be called. The arguments passed to the function will be as with``SO_SNDWAKEUP``.
-
-When the function is called, the network semaphore will be locked and
-the callback function runs in the context of the networking task.
-The function must be careful not to call any networking functions. It
-is OK to call an RTEMS function; for example, it is OK to send an
-RTEMS event.
+example, there is data available from the socket (``SO_RCVWAKEUP``) and when
+there is space available to accept data written to the socket
+(``SO_SNDWAKEUP``).
+
+If ``setsockopt`` is called with the ``SO_RCVWAKEUP`` option, and the
+``sw_pfn`` field is not zero, then when there is data available to be read from
+the socket, the function pointed to by the ``sw_pfn`` field will be called. A
+pointer to the socket structure will be passed as the first argument to the
+function. The ``sw_arg`` field set by the ``SO_RCVWAKEUP`` call will be passed
+as the second argument to the function.
+
+If ``setsockopt`` is called with the ``SO_SNDWAKEUP`` function, and the
+``sw_pfn`` field is not zero, then when there is space available to accept data
+written to the socket, the function pointed to by the ``sw_pfn`` field will be
+called. The arguments passed to the function will be as with ``SO_SNDWAKEUP``.
+
+When the function is called, the network semaphore will be locked and the
+callback function runs in the context of the networking task. The function
+must be careful not to call any networking functions. It is OK to call an
+RTEMS function; for example, it is OK to send an RTEMS event.
The purpose of these callback functions is to permit a more efficient
-alternative to the select call when dealing with a large number of
-sockets.
-
-The callbacks are called by the same criteria that the select
-function uses for indicating "ready" sockets. In Stevens *Unix
-Network Programming* on page 153-154 in the section "Under what Conditions
-Is a Descriptor Ready?" you will find the definitive list of conditions
-for readable and writable that also determine when the functions are
-called.
-
-When the number of received bytes equals or exceeds the socket receive
-buffer "low water mark" (default 1 byte) you get a readable callback. If
-there are 100 bytes in the receive buffer and you only read 1, you will
-not immediately get another callback. However, you will get another
-callback after you read the remaining 99 bytes and at least 1 more byte
-arrives. Using a non-blocking socket you should probably read until it
-produces error EWOULDBLOCK and then allow the readable callback to tell
-you when more data has arrived. (Condition 1.a.)
-
-For sending, when the socket is connected and the free space becomes at
-or above the "low water mark" for the send buffer (default 4096 bytes)
-you will receive a writable callback. You don't get continuous callbacks
-if you don't write anything. Using a non-blocking write socket, you can
-then call write until it returns a value less than the amount of data
-requested to be sent or it produces error EWOULDBLOCK (indicating buffer
-full and no longer writable). When this happens you can
-try the write again, but it is often better to go do other things and
-let the writable callback tell you when space is available to send
-again. You only get a writable callback when the free space transitions
-to above the "low water mark" and not every time you
-write to a non-full send buffer. (Condition 2.a.)
-
-The remaining conditions enumerated by Stevens handle the fact that
-sockets become readable and/or writable when connects, disconnects and
-errors occur, not just when data is received or sent. For example, when
-a server "listening" socket becomes readable it indicates that a client
-has connected and accept can be called without blocking, not that
-network data was received (Condition 1.c).
+alternative to the select call when dealing with a large number of sockets.
+
+The callbacks are called by the same criteria that the select function uses for
+indicating "ready" sockets. In Stevens *Unix Network Programming* on page
+153-154 in the section "Under what Conditions Is a Descriptor Ready?" you will
+find the definitive list of conditions for readable and writable that also
+determine when the functions are called.
+
+When the number of received bytes equals or exceeds the socket receive buffer
+"low water mark" (default 1 byte) you get a readable callback. If there are 100
+bytes in the receive buffer and you only read 1, you will not immediately get
+another callback. However, you will get another callback after you read the
+remaining 99 bytes and at least 1 more byte arrives. Using a non-blocking
+socket you should probably read until it produces error ``EWOULDBLOCK`` and
+then allow the readable callback to tell you when more data has arrived.
+(Condition 1.a.)
+
+For sending, when the socket is connected and the free space becomes at or
+above the "low water mark" for the send buffer (default 4096 bytes) you will
+receive a writable callback. You don't get continuous callbacks if you don't
+write anything. Using a non-blocking write socket, you can then call write
+until it returns a value less than the amount of data requested to be sent or
+it produces error ``EWOULDBLOCK`` (indicating buffer full and no longer
+writable). When this happens you can try the write again, but it is often
+better to go do other things and let the writable callback tell you when space
+is available to send again. You only get a writable callback when the free
+space transitions to above the "low water mark" and not every time you write to
+a non-full send buffer. (Condition 2.a.)
+
+The remaining conditions enumerated by Stevens handle the fact that sockets
+become readable and/or writable when connects, disconnects and errors occur,
+not just when data is received or sent. For example, when a server "listening"
+socket becomes readable it indicates that a client has connected and accept can
+be called without blocking, not that network data was received (Condition 1.c).
Adding an IP Alias
------------------
The following code snippet adds an IP alias:
-.. code:: c
- void addAlias(const char \*pName, const char \*pAddr, const char \*pMask)
+.. code-block:: c
+
+ void addAlias(const char *pName, const char *pAddr, const char *pMask)
{
- struct ifaliasreq aliasreq;
- struct sockaddr_in \*in;
- /* initialize alias request \*/
- memset(&aliasreq, 0, sizeof(aliasreq));
- sprintf(aliasreq.ifra_name, pName);
- /* initialize alias address \*/
- in = (struct sockaddr_in \*)&aliasreq.ifra_addr;
- in->sin_family = AF_INET;
- in->sin_len = sizeof(aliasreq.ifra_addr);
- in->sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(pAddr);
- /* initialize alias mask \*/
- in = (struct sockaddr_in \*)&aliasreq.ifra_mask;
- in->sin_family = AF_INET;
- in->sin_len = sizeof(aliasreq.ifra_mask);
- in->sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(pMask);
- /* call to setup the alias \*/
- rtems_bsdnet_ifconfig(pName, SIOCAIFADDR, &aliasreq);
+ struct ifaliasreq aliasreq;
+ struct sockaddr_in *in;
+
+ /* initialize alias request */
+ memset(&aliasreq, 0, sizeof(aliasreq));
+ sprintf(aliasreq.ifra_name, pName);
+
+ /* initialize alias address */
+ in = (struct sockaddr_in *)&aliasreq.ifra_addr;
+ in->sin_family = AF_INET;
+ in->sin_len = sizeof(aliasreq.ifra_addr);
+ in->sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(pAddr);
+
+ /* initialize alias mask */
+ in = (struct sockaddr_in *)&aliasreq.ifra_mask;
+ in->sin_family = AF_INET;
+ in->sin_len = sizeof(aliasreq.ifra_mask);
+ in->sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(pMask);
+
+ /* call to setup the alias */
+ rtems_bsdnet_ifconfig(pName, SIOCAIFADDR, &aliasreq);
}
-Thanks to `Mike Seirs <mailto:mikes@poliac.com>`_ for this example
-code.
+Thanks to Mike Seirs <mailto:mikes@poliac.com> for this example code.
Adding a Default Route
----------------------
-The function provided in this section is functionally equivalent to
-the command ``route add default gw yyy.yyy.yyy.yyy``:
-.. code:: c
+The function provided in this section is functionally equivalent to the command
+``route add default gw yyy.yyy.yyy.yyy``:
- void mon_ifconfig(int argc, char \*argv[], unsigned32 command_arg,
- bool verbose)
+.. code-block:: c
+
+ void mon_ifconfig(int argc, char *argv[], unsigned32 command_arg, bool verbose)
{
- struct sockaddr_in ipaddr;
- struct sockaddr_in dstaddr;
- struct sockaddr_in netmask;
- struct sockaddr_in broadcast;
- char \*iface;
- int f_ip = 0;
- int f_ptp = 0;
- int f_netmask = 0;
- int f_up = 0;
- int f_down = 0;
- int f_bcast = 0;
- int cur_idx;
- int rc;
- int flags;
- bzero((void*) &ipaddr, sizeof(ipaddr));
- bzero((void*) &dstaddr, sizeof(dstaddr));
- bzero((void*) &netmask, sizeof(netmask));
- bzero((void*) &broadcast, sizeof(broadcast));
- ipaddr.sin_len = sizeof(ipaddr);
- ipaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
- dstaddr.sin_len = sizeof(dstaddr);
- dstaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
- netmask.sin_len = sizeof(netmask);
- netmask.sin_family = AF_INET;
- broadcast.sin_len = sizeof(broadcast);
- broadcast.sin_family = AF_INET;
- cur_idx = 0;
- if (argc <= 1) {
- /* display all interfaces \*/
- iface = NULL;
- cur_idx += 1;
- } else {
- iface = argv[1];
- if (isdigit(\*argv[2])) {
- if (inet_pton(AF_INET, argv[2], &ipaddr.sin_addr) < 0) {
- printf("bad ip address: %s\\n", argv[2]);
- return;
- }
- f_ip = 1;
- cur_idx += 3;
- } else {
- cur_idx += 2;
- }
- }
- if ((f_down !=0) && (f_ip != 0)) {
- f_up = 1;
- }
- while(argc > cur_idx) {
- if (strcmp(argv[cur_idx], "up") == 0) {
- f_up = 1;
- if (f_down != 0) {
- printf("Can't make interface up and down\\n");
- }
- } else if(strcmp(argv[cur_idx], "down") == 0) {
- f_down = 1;
- if (f_up != 0) {
- printf("Can't make interface up and down\\n");
- }
- } else if(strcmp(argv[cur_idx], "netmask") == 0) {
- if ((cur_idx + 1) >= argc) {
- printf("No netmask address\\n");
- return;
- }
- if (inet_pton(AF_INET, argv[cur_idx+1], &netmask.sin_addr) < 0) {
- printf("bad netmask: %s\\n", argv[cur_idx]);
- return;
- }
- f_netmask = 1;
- cur_idx += 1;
- } else if(strcmp(argv[cur_idx], "broadcast") == 0) {
- if ((cur_idx + 1) >= argc) {
- printf("No broadcast address\\n");
- return;
- }
- if (inet_pton(AF_INET, argv[cur_idx+1], &broadcast.sin_addr) < 0) {
- printf("bad broadcast: %s\\n", argv[cur_idx]);
- return;
- }
- f_bcast = 1;
- cur_idx += 1;
- } else if(strcmp(argv[cur_idx], "pointopoint") == 0) {
- if ((cur_idx + 1) >= argc) {
- printf("No pointopoint address\\n");
- return;
- }
- if (inet_pton(AF_INET, argv[cur_idx+1], &dstaddr.sin_addr) < 0) {
- printf("bad pointopoint: %s\\n", argv[cur_idx]);
- return;
- }
- f_ptp = 1;
- cur_idx += 1;
- } else {
- printf("Bad parameter: %s\\n", argv[cur_idx]);
- return;
- }
- cur_idx += 1;
- }
- printf("ifconfig ");
- if (iface != NULL) {
- printf("%s ", iface);
- if (f_ip != 0) {
- char str[256];
- inet_ntop(AF_INET, &ipaddr.sin_addr, str, 256);
- printf("%s ", str);
- }
- if (f_netmask != 0) {
- char str[256];
- inet_ntop(AF_INET, &netmask.sin_addr, str, 256);
- printf("netmask %s ", str);
- }
- if (f_bcast != 0) {
- char str[256];
- inet_ntop(AF_INET, &broadcast.sin_addr, str, 256);
- printf("broadcast %s ", str);
- }
- if (f_ptp != 0) {
- char str[256];
- inet_ntop(AF_INET, &dstaddr.sin_addr, str, 256);
- printf("pointopoint %s ", str);
- }
- if (f_up != 0) {
- printf("up\\n");
- } else if (f_down != 0) {
- printf("down\\n");
- } else {
- printf("\\n");
- }
- }
- if ((iface == NULL) \|| ((f_ip == 0) && (f_down == 0) && (f_up == 0))) {
- rtems_bsdnet_show_if_stats();
- return;
- }
- flags = 0;
- if (f_netmask) {
- rc = rtems_bsdnet_ifconfig(iface, SIOCSIFNETMASK, &netmask);
- if (rc < 0) {
- printf("Could not set netmask: %s\\n", strerror(errno));
- return;
- }
- }
- if (f_bcast) {
- rc = rtems_bsdnet_ifconfig(iface, SIOCSIFBRDADDR, &broadcast);
- if (rc < 0) {
- printf("Could not set broadcast: %s\\n", strerror(errno));
- return;
- }
- }
- if (f_ptp) {
- rc = rtems_bsdnet_ifconfig(iface, SIOCSIFDSTADDR, &dstaddr);
- if (rc < 0) {
- printf("Could not set destination address: %s\\n", strerror(errno));
- return;
- }
- flags \|= IFF_POINTOPOINT;
- }
- /* This must come _after_ setting the netmask, broadcast addresses \*/
- if (f_ip) {
- rc = rtems_bsdnet_ifconfig(iface, SIOCSIFADDR, &ipaddr);
- if (rc < 0) {
- printf("Could not set IP address: %s\\n", strerror(errno));
- return;
- }
- }
- if (f_up != 0) {
- flags \|= IFF_UP;
- }
- if (f_down != 0) {
- printf("Warning: taking interfaces down is not supported\\n");
- }
- rc = rtems_bsdnet_ifconfig(iface, SIOCSIFFLAGS, &flags);
- if (rc < 0) {
- printf("Could not set interface flags: %s\\n", strerror(errno));
- return;
- }
- }
- void mon_route(int argc, char \*argv[], unsigned32 command_arg,
- bool verbose)
+ struct sockaddr_in ipaddr;
+ struct sockaddr_in dstaddr;
+ struct sockaddr_in netmask;
+ struct sockaddr_in broadcast;
+ char *iface;
+ int f_ip = 0;
+ int f_ptp = 0;
+ int f_netmask = 0;
+ int f_up = 0;
+ int f_down = 0;
+ int f_bcast = 0;
+ int cur_idx;
+ int rc;
+ int flags;
+
+ bzero((void*) &ipaddr, sizeof(ipaddr));
+ bzero((void*) &dstaddr, sizeof(dstaddr));
+ bzero((void*) &netmask, sizeof(netmask));
+ bzero((void*) &broadcast, sizeof(broadcast));
+ ipaddr.sin_len = sizeof(ipaddr);
+ ipaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
+ dstaddr.sin_len = sizeof(dstaddr);
+ dstaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
+ netmask.sin_len = sizeof(netmask);
+ netmask.sin_family = AF_INET;
+ broadcast.sin_len = sizeof(broadcast);
+ broadcast.sin_family = AF_INET;
+ cur_idx = 0;
+
+ if (argc <= 1) {
+ /* display all interfaces */
+ iface = NULL;
+ cur_idx += 1;
+ } else {
+ iface = argv[1];
+ if (isdigit(*argv[2])) {
+ if (inet_pton(AF_INET, argv[2], &ipaddr.sin_addr) < 0) {
+ printf("bad ip address: %s\n", argv[2]);
+ return;
+ }
+ f_ip = 1;
+ cur_idx += 3;
+ } else {
+ cur_idx += 2;
+ }
+ }
+
+ if ((f_down !=0) && (f_ip != 0)) {
+ f_up = 1;
+ }
+
+ while(argc > cur_idx) {
+ if (strcmp(argv[cur_idx], "up") == 0) {
+ f_up = 1;
+ if (f_down != 0) {
+ printf("Can't make interface up and down\n");
+ }
+ } else if(strcmp(argv[cur_idx], "down") == 0) {
+ f_down = 1;
+ if (f_up != 0) {
+ printf("Can't make interface up and down\n");
+ }
+ } else if(strcmp(argv[cur_idx], "netmask") == 0) {
+ if ((cur_idx + 1) >= argc) {
+ printf("No netmask address\n");
+ return;
+ }
+ if (inet_pton(AF_INET, argv[cur_idx+1], &netmask.sin_addr) < 0) {
+ printf("bad netmask: %s\n", argv[cur_idx]);
+ return;
+ }
+ f_netmask = 1;
+ cur_idx += 1;
+ } else if(strcmp(argv[cur_idx], "broadcast") == 0) {
+ if ((cur_idx + 1) >= argc) {
+ printf("No broadcast address\n");
+ return;
+ }
+ if (inet_pton(AF_INET, argv[cur_idx+1], &broadcast.sin_addr) < 0) {
+ printf("bad broadcast: %s\n", argv[cur_idx]);
+ return;
+ }
+ f_bcast = 1;
+ cur_idx += 1;
+ } else if(strcmp(argv[cur_idx], "pointopoint") == 0) {
+ if ((cur_idx + 1) >= argc) {
+ printf("No pointopoint address\n");
+ return;
+ }
+ if (inet_pton(AF_INET, argv[cur_idx+1], &dstaddr.sin_addr) < 0) {
+ printf("bad pointopoint: %s\n", argv[cur_idx]);
+ return;
+ }
+ f_ptp = 1;
+ cur_idx += 1;
+ } else {
+ printf("Bad parameter: %s\n", argv[cur_idx]);
+ return;
+ }
+ cur_idx += 1;
+ }
+
+ printf("ifconfig ");
+
+ if (iface != NULL) {
+ printf("%s ", iface);
+ if (f_ip != 0) {
+ char str[256];
+ inet_ntop(AF_INET, &ipaddr.sin_addr, str, 256);
+ printf("%s ", str);
+ }
+ if (f_netmask != 0) {
+ char str[256];
+ inet_ntop(AF_INET, &netmask.sin_addr, str, 256);
+ printf("netmask %s ", str);
+ }
+ if (f_bcast != 0) {
+ char str[256];
+ inet_ntop(AF_INET, &broadcast.sin_addr, str, 256);
+ printf("broadcast %s ", str);
+ }
+ if (f_ptp != 0) {
+ char str[256];
+ inet_ntop(AF_INET, &dstaddr.sin_addr, str, 256);
+ printf("pointopoint %s ", str);
+ }
+ if (f_up != 0) {
+ printf("up\n");
+ } else if (f_down != 0) {
+ printf("down\n");
+ } else {
+ printf("\n");
+ }
+ }
+
+ if ((iface == NULL) || ((f_ip == 0) && (f_down == 0) && (f_up == 0))) {
+ rtems_bsdnet_show_if_stats();
+ return;
+ }
+
+ flags = 0;
+ if (f_netmask) {
+ rc = rtems_bsdnet_ifconfig(iface, SIOCSIFNETMASK, &netmask);
+ if (rc < 0) {
+ printf("Could not set netmask: %s\n", strerror(errno));
+ return;
+ }
+ }
+ if (f_bcast) {
+ rc = rtems_bsdnet_ifconfig(iface, SIOCSIFBRDADDR, &broadcast);
+ if (rc < 0) {
+ printf("Could not set broadcast: %s\n", strerror(errno));
+ return;
+ }
+ }
+ if (f_ptp) {
+ rc = rtems_bsdnet_ifconfig(iface, SIOCSIFDSTADDR, &dstaddr);
+ if (rc < 0) {
+ printf("Could not set destination address: %s\n", strerror(errno));
+ return;
+ }
+ flags |= IFF_POINTOPOINT;
+ }
+
+ /* This must come _after_ setting the netmask, broadcast addresses */
+ if (f_ip) {
+ rc = rtems_bsdnet_ifconfig(iface, SIOCSIFADDR, &ipaddr);
+ if (rc < 0) {
+ printf("Could not set IP address: %s\n", strerror(errno));
+ return;
+ }
+ }
+ if (f_up != 0) {
+ flags |= IFF_UP;
+ }
+ if (f_down != 0) {
+ printf("Warning: taking interfaces down is not supported\n");
+ }
+
+ rc = rtems_bsdnet_ifconfig(iface, SIOCSIFFLAGS, &flags);
+ if (rc < 0) {
+ printf("Could not set interface flags: %s\n", strerror(errno));
+ return;
+ }
+ }
+
+ void mon_route(int argc, char *argv[], unsigned32 command_arg, bool verbose)
{
- int cmd;
- struct sockaddr_in dst;
- struct sockaddr_in gw;
- struct sockaddr_in netmask;
- int f_host;
- int f_gw = 0;
- int cur_idx;
- int flags;
- int rc;
- memset(&dst, 0, sizeof(dst));
- memset(&gw, 0, sizeof(gw));
- memset(&netmask, 0, sizeof(netmask));
- dst.sin_len = sizeof(dst);
- dst.sin_family = AF_INET;
- dst.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("0.0.0.0");
- gw.sin_len = sizeof(gw);
- gw.sin_family = AF_INET;
- gw.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("0.0.0.0");
- netmask.sin_len = sizeof(netmask);
- netmask.sin_family = AF_INET;
- netmask.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("255.255.255.0");
- if (argc < 2) {
- rtems_bsdnet_show_inet_routes();
- return;
- }
- if (strcmp(argv[1], "add") == 0) {
- cmd = RTM_ADD;
- } else if (strcmp(argv[1], "del") == 0) {
- cmd = RTM_DELETE;
- } else {
- printf("invalid command: %s\\n", argv[1]);
- printf("\\tit should be 'add' or 'del'\\n");
- return;
- }
- if (argc < 3) {
- printf("not enough arguments\\n");
- return;
- }
- if (strcmp(argv[2], "-host") == 0) {
- f_host = 1;
- } else if (strcmp(argv[2], "-net") == 0) {
- f_host = 0;
- } else {
- printf("Invalid type: %s\\n", argv[1]);
- printf("\\tit should be '-host' or '-net'\\n");
- return;
- }
- if (argc < 4) {
- printf("not enough arguments\\n");
- return;
- }
- inet_pton(AF_INET, argv[3], &dst.sin_addr);
- cur_idx = 4;
- while(cur_idx < argc) {
- if (strcmp(argv[cur_idx], "gw") == 0) {
- if ((cur_idx +1) >= argc) {
- printf("no gateway address\\n");
- return;
- }
- f_gw = 1;
- inet_pton(AF_INET, argv[cur_idx + 1], &gw.sin_addr);
- cur_idx += 1;
- } else if(strcmp(argv[cur_idx], "netmask") == 0) {
- if ((cur_idx +1) >= argc) {
- printf("no netmask address\\n");
- return;
- }
- f_gw = 1;
- inet_pton(AF_INET, argv[cur_idx + 1], &netmask.sin_addr);
- cur_idx += 1;
- } else {
- printf("Unknown argument\\n");
- return;
- }
- cur_idx += 1;
- }
- flags = RTF_STATIC;
- if (f_gw != 0) {
- flags \|= RTF_GATEWAY;
- }
- if (f_host != 0) {
- flags \|= RTF_HOST;
- }
- rc = rtems_bsdnet_rtrequest(cmd, &dst, &gw, &netmask, flags, NULL);
- if (rc < 0) {
- printf("Error adding route\\n");
- }
- }
-
-Thanks to `Jay Monkman <mailto:jtm@smoothmsmoothie.com>`_ for this example
+ int cmd;
+ struct sockaddr_in dst;
+ struct sockaddr_in gw;
+ struct sockaddr_in netmask;
+ int f_host;
+ int f_gw = 0;
+ int cur_idx;
+ int flags;
+ int rc;
+
+ memset(&dst, 0, sizeof(dst));
+ memset(&gw, 0, sizeof(gw));
+ memset(&netmask, 0, sizeof(netmask));
+ dst.sin_len = sizeof(dst);
+ dst.sin_family = AF_INET;
+ dst.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("0.0.0.0");
+ gw.sin_len = sizeof(gw);
+ gw.sin_family = AF_INET;
+ gw.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("0.0.0.0");
+ netmask.sin_len = sizeof(netmask);
+ netmask.sin_family = AF_INET;
+ netmask.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("255.255.255.0");
+
+ if (argc < 2) {
+ rtems_bsdnet_show_inet_routes();
+ return;
+ }
+
+ if (strcmp(argv[1], "add") == 0) {
+ cmd = RTM_ADD;
+ } else if (strcmp(argv[1], "del") == 0) {
+ cmd = RTM_DELETE;
+ } else {
+ printf("invalid command: %s\n", argv[1]);
+ printf("\tit should be 'add' or 'del'\n");
+ return;
+ }
+
+ if (argc < 3) {
+ printf("not enough arguments\n");
+ return;
+ }
+
+ if (strcmp(argv[2], "-host") == 0) {
+ f_host = 1;
+ } else if (strcmp(argv[2], "-net") == 0) {
+ f_host = 0;
+ } else {
+ printf("Invalid type: %s\n", argv[1]);
+ printf("\tit should be '-host' or '-net'\n");
+ return;
+ }
+
+ if (argc < 4) {
+ printf("not enough arguments\n");
+ return;
+ }
+
+ inet_pton(AF_INET, argv[3], &dst.sin_addr);
+
+ cur_idx = 4;
+ while(cur_idx < argc) {
+ if (strcmp(argv[cur_idx], "gw") == 0) {
+ if ((cur_idx +1) >= argc) {
+ printf("no gateway address\n");
+ return;
+ }
+ f_gw = 1;
+ inet_pton(AF_INET, argv[cur_idx + 1], &gw.sin_addr);
+ cur_idx += 1;
+ } else if(strcmp(argv[cur_idx], "netmask") == 0) {
+ if ((cur_idx +1) >= argc) {
+ printf("no netmask address\n");
+ return;
+ }
+ f_gw = 1;
+ inet_pton(AF_INET, argv[cur_idx + 1], &netmask.sin_addr);
+ cur_idx += 1;
+ } else {
+ printf("Unknown argument\n");
+ return;
+ }
+ cur_idx += 1;
+ }
+
+ flags = RTF_STATIC;
+ if (f_gw != 0) {
+ flags |= RTF_GATEWAY;
+ }
+ if (f_host != 0) {
+ flags |= RTF_HOST;
+ }
+
+ rc = rtems_bsdnet_rtrequest(cmd, &dst, &gw, &netmask, flags, NULL);
+ if (rc < 0) {
+ printf("Error adding route\n");
+ }
+ }
+
+Thanks to Jay Monkman <mailto:jtm@smoothmsmoothie.com> for this example
code.
Time Synchronization Using NTP
------------------------------
-.. code:: c
+.. code-block:: c
int rtems_bsdnet_synchronize_ntp (int interval, rtems_task_priority priority);
-If the interval argument is 0 the routine synchronizes the RTEMS time-of-day
-clock with the first NTP server in the rtems_bsdnet_ntpserve array and
-returns. The priority argument is ignored.
+If the interval argument is ``0`` the routine synchronizes the RTEMS
+time-of-day clock with the first NTP server in the ``rtems_bsdnet_ntpserve``
+array and returns. The priority argument is ignored.
-If the interval argument is greater than 0, the routine also starts an
-RTEMS task at the specified priority and polls the NTP server every
-'interval' seconds. NOTE: This mode of operation has not yet been
-implemented.
+If the interval argument is greater than 0, the routine also starts an RTEMS
+task at the specified priority and polls the NTP server every 'interval'
+seconds. NOTE: This mode of operation has not yet been implemented.
On successful synchronization of the RTEMS time-of-day clock the routine
-returns 0. If an error occurs a message is printed and the routine returns -1
-with an error code in errno.
-There is no timeout - if there is no response from an NTP server the
-routine will wait forever.
-
-.. COMMENT: Written by Eric Norum
-
-.. COMMENT: COPYRIGHT (c) 1988-2002.
-
-.. COMMENT: On-Line Applications Research Corporation (OAR).
-
-.. COMMENT: All rights reserved.
-
+returns ``0``. If an error occurs a message is printed and the routine returns
+``-1`` with an error code in errno. There is no timeout - if there is no
+response from an NTP server the routine will wait forever.