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authorAmar Takhar <verm@darkbeer.org>2016-01-16 18:26:00 -0500
committerAmar Takhar <verm@darkbeer.org>2016-05-02 20:51:23 -0400
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+Using Networking in an RTEMS Application
+########################################
+
+Makefile changes
+================
+
+Including the required managers
+-------------------------------
+
+The FreeBSD networking code requires several RTEMS managers
+in the application:
+.. code:: c
+
+ MANAGERS = io event semaphore
+
+Increasing the size of the heap
+-------------------------------
+
+The networking tasks allocate a lot of memory. For most applications
+the heap should be at least 256 kbytes.
+The amount of memory set aside for the heap can be adjusted by setting
+the ``CFLAGS_LD`` definition as shown below:
+.. code:: c
+
+ CFLAGS_LD += -Wl,--defsym -Wl,HeapSize=0x80000
+
+This sets aside 512 kbytes of memory for the heap.
+
+System Configuration
+====================
+
+The networking tasks allocate some RTEMS objects. These
+must be accounted for in the application configuration table. The following
+lists the requirements.
+
+*TASKS*
+ One network task plus a receive and transmit task for each device.
+
+*SEMAPHORES*
+ One network semaphore plus one syslog mutex semaphore if the application uses
+ openlog/syslog.
+
+*EVENTS*
+ The network stack uses ``RTEMS_EVENT_24`` and ``RTEMS_EVENT_25``.
+ This has no effect on the application configuration, but
+ application tasks which call the network functions should not
+ use these events for other purposes.
+
+Initialization
+==============
+
+Additional include files
+------------------------
+
+The source file which declares the network configuration
+structures and calls the network initialization function must include
+.. code:: c
+
+ #include <rtems/rtems_bsdnet.h>
+
+Network Configuration
+---------------------
+
+The network configuration is specified by declaring
+and initializing the ``rtems_bsdnet_config``
+structure.
+.. code:: c
+
+ struct rtems_bsdnet_config {
+ /*
+ * This entry points to the head of the ifconfig chain.
+ \*/
+ struct rtems_bsdnet_ifconfig \*ifconfig;
+ /*
+ * This entry should be rtems_bsdnet_do_bootp if BOOTP
+ * is being used to configure the network, and NULL
+ * if BOOTP is not being used.
+ \*/
+ void (\*bootp)(void);
+ /*
+ * The remaining items can be initialized to 0, in
+ * which case the default value will be used.
+ \*/
+ rtems_task_priority network_task_priority; /* 100 \*/
+ unsigned long mbuf_bytecount; /* 64 kbytes \*/
+ unsigned long mbuf_cluster_bytecount; /* 128 kbytes \*/
+ char \*hostname; /* BOOTP \*/
+ char \*domainname; /* BOOTP \*/
+ char \*gateway; /* BOOTP \*/
+ char \*log_host; /* BOOTP \*/
+ char \*name_server[3]; /* BOOTP \*/
+ char \*ntp_server[3]; /* BOOTP \*/
+ unsigned long sb_efficiency; /* 2 \*/
+ /* UDP TX: 9216 bytes \*/
+ unsigned long udp_tx_buf_size;
+ /* UDP RX: 40 * (1024 + sizeof(struct sockaddr_in)) \*/
+ unsigned long udp_rx_buf_size;
+ /* TCP TX: 16 * 1024 bytes \*/
+ unsigned long tcp_tx_buf_size;
+ /* TCP TX: 16 * 1024 bytes \*/
+ unsigned long tcp_rx_buf_size;
+ /* Default Network Tasks CPU Affinity \*/
+ #ifdef RTEMS_SMP
+ const cpu_set_t \*network_task_cpuset;
+ size_t network_task_cpuset_size;
+ #endif
+ };
+
+The structure entries are described in the following table.
+If your application uses BOOTP/DHCP to obtain network configuration
+information and if you are happy with the default values described
+below, you need to provide only the first two entries in this structure.
+
+``struct rtems_bsdnet_ifconfig \*ifconfig``
+
+ A pointer to the first configuration structure of the first network
+ device. This structure is described in the following section.
+ You must provide a value for this entry since there is no default value for it.
+
+``void (\*bootp)(void)``
+
+ This entry should be set to ``rtems_bsdnet_do_bootp`` if your
+ application by default uses the BOOTP/DHCP client protocol to obtain
+ network configuration information. It should be set to ``NULL`` if
+ your application does not use BOOTP/DHCP.
+ You can also use ``rtems_bsdnet_do_bootp_rootfs`` to have a set of
+ standard files created with the information return by the BOOTP/DHCP
+ protocol. The IP address is added to :file:`/etc/hosts` with the host
+ name and domain returned. If no host name or domain is returned``me.mydomain`` is used. The BOOTP/DHCP server’s address is also
+ added to :file:`/etc/hosts`. The domain name server listed in the
+ BOOTP/DHCP information are added to :file:`/etc/resolv.conf`. A``search`` record is also added if a domain is returned. The files
+ are created if they do not exist.
+ The default ``rtems_bsdnet_do_bootp`` and``rtems_bsdnet_do_bootp_rootfs`` handlers will loop for-ever
+ waiting for a BOOTP/DHCP server to respond. If an error is detected
+ such as not valid interface or valid hardware address the target will
+ reboot allowing any hardware reset to correct itself.
+ You can provide your own custom handler which allows you to perform
+ an initialization that meets your specific system requirements. For
+ example you could try BOOTP/DHCP then enter a configuration tool if no
+ server is found allowing the user to switch to a static configuration.
+
+``int network_task_priority``
+ The priority at which the network task and network device
+ receive and transmit tasks will run.
+ If a value of 0 is specified the tasks will run at priority 100.
+
+``unsigned long mbuf_bytecount``
+ The number of bytes to allocate from the heap for use as mbufs.
+ If a value of 0 is specified, 64 kbytes will be allocated.
+
+``unsigned long mbuf_cluster_bytecount``
+ The number of bytes to allocate from the heap for use as mbuf clusters.
+ If a value of 0 is specified, 128 kbytes will be allocated.
+
+``char \*hostname``
+ The host name of the system.
+ If this, or any of the following, entries are ``NULL`` the value
+ may be obtained from a BOOTP/DHCP server.
+
+``char \*domainname``
+ The name of the Internet domain to which the system belongs.
+
+``char \*gateway``
+ The Internet host number of the network gateway machine,
+ specified in ’dotted decimal’ (``129.128.4.1``) form.
+
+``char \*log_host``
+ The Internet host number of the machine to which ``syslog`` messages
+ will be sent.
+
+``char \*name_server[3]``
+ The Internet host numbers of up to three machines to be used as
+ Internet Domain Name Servers.
+
+``char \*ntp_server[3]``
+ The Internet host numbers of up to three machines to be used as
+ Network Time Protocol (NTP) Servers.
+
+``unsigned long sb_efficiency``
+ This is the first of five configuration parameters related to
+ the amount of memory each socket may consume for buffers. The
+ TCP/IP stack reserves buffers (e.g. mbufs) for each open socket. The
+ TCP/IP stack has different limits for the transmit and receive
+ buffers associated with each TCP and UDP socket. By tuning these
+ parameters, the application developer can make trade-offs between
+ memory consumption and performance. The default parameters favor
+ performance over memory consumption. Seehttp://www.rtems.org/ml/rtems-users/2004/february/msg00200.html
+ for more details but note that after the RTEMS 4.8 release series,
+ the sb_efficiency default was changed from ``8`` to ``2``.
+ The user should also be aware of the ``SO_SNDBUF`` and ``SO_RCVBUF``
+ IO control operations. These can be used to specify the
+ send and receive buffer sizes for a specific socket. There
+ is no standard IO control to change the ``sb_efficiency`` factor.
+ The ``sb_efficiency`` parameter is a buffering factor used
+ in the implementation of the TCP/IP stack. The default is ``2``
+ which indicates double buffering. When allocating memory for each
+ socket, this number is multiplied by the buffer sizes for that socket.
+
+``unsigned long udp_tx_buf_size``
+
+ This configuration parameter specifies the maximum amount of
+ buffer memory which may be used for UDP sockets to transmit
+ with. The default size is 9216 bytes which corresponds to
+ the maximum datagram size.
+
+``unsigned long udp_rx_buf_size``
+
+ This configuration parameter specifies the maximum amount of
+ buffer memory which may be used for UDP sockets to receive
+ into. The default size is the following length in bytes:
+
+ .. code:: c
+
+ 40 * (1024 + sizeof(struct sockaddr_in)
+
+``unsigned long tcp_tx_buf_size``
+
+ This configuration parameter specifies the maximum amount of
+ buffer memory which may be used for TCP sockets to transmit
+ with. The default size is sixteen kilobytes.
+
+``unsigned long tcp_rx_buf_size``
+
+ This configuration parameter specifies the maximum amount of
+ buffer memory which may be used for TCP sockets to receive
+ into. The default size is sixteen kilobytes.
+
+``const cpu_set_t \*network_task_cpuset``
+
+ This configuration parameter specifies the CPU affinity of the
+ network task. If set to ``0`` the network task can be scheduled on
+ any CPU. Only available in SMP configurations.
+
+``size_t network_task_cpuset_size``
+
+ This configuration parameter specifies the size of the``network_task_cpuset`` used. Only available in SMP configurations.
+
+In addition, the following fields in the ``rtems_bsdnet_ifconfig``
+are of interest.
+
+*int port*
+ The I/O port number (ex: 0x240) on which the external Ethernet
+ can be accessed.
+
+*int irno*
+ The interrupt number of the external Ethernet controller.
+
+*int bpar*
+ The address of the shared memory on the external Ethernet controller.
+
+Network device configuration
+----------------------------
+
+Network devices are specified and configured by declaring and initializing a``struct rtems_bsdnet_ifconfig`` structure for each network device.
+
+The structure entries are described in the following table. An application
+which uses a single network interface, gets network configuration information
+from a BOOTP/DHCP server, and uses the default values for all driver
+parameters needs to initialize only the first two entries in the
+structure.
+
+``char \*name``
+ The full name of the network device. This name consists of the
+ driver name and the unit number (e.g. ``"scc1"``).
+ The ``bsp.h`` include file usually defines RTEMS_BSP_NETWORK_DRIVER_NAME as
+ the name of the primary (or only) network driver.
+
+``int (\*attach)(struct rtems_bsdnet_ifconfig \*conf)``
+ The address of the driver ``attach`` function. The network
+ initialization function calls this function to configure the driver and
+ attach it to the network stack.
+ The ``bsp.h`` include file usually defines RTEMS_BSP_NETWORK_DRIVER_ATTACH as
+ the name of the attach function of the primary (or only) network driver.
+
+``struct rtems_bsdnet_ifconfig \*next``
+ A pointer to the network device configuration structure for the next network
+ interface, or ``NULL`` if this is the configuration structure of the
+ last network interface.
+
+``char \*ip_address``
+ The Internet address of the device,
+ specified in ‘dotted decimal’ (``129.128.4.2``) form, or ``NULL``
+ if the device configuration information is being obtained from a
+ BOOTP/DHCP server.
+
+``char \*ip_netmask``
+ The Internet inetwork mask of the device,
+ specified in ‘dotted decimal’ (``255.255.255.0``) form, or ``NULL``
+ if the device configuration information is being obtained from a
+ BOOTP/DHCP server.
+
+``void \*hardware_address``
+ The hardware address of the device, or ``NULL`` if the driver is
+ to obtain the hardware address in some other way (usually by reading
+ it from the device or from the bootstrap ROM).
+
+``int ignore_broadcast``
+ Zero if the device is to accept broadcast packets, non-zero if the device
+ is to ignore broadcast packets.
+
+``int mtu``
+ The maximum transmission unit of the device, or zero if the driver
+ is to choose a default value (typically 1500 for Ethernet devices).
+
+``int rbuf_count``
+ The number of receive buffers to use, or zero if the driver is to
+ choose a default value
+
+``int xbuf_count``
+ The number of transmit buffers to use, or zero if the driver is to
+ choose a default value
+ Keep in mind that some network devices may use 4 or more
+ transmit descriptors for a single transmit buffer.
+
+A complete network configuration specification can be as simple as the one
+shown in the following example.
+This configuration uses a single network interface, gets
+network configuration information
+from a BOOTP/DHCP server, and uses the default values for all driver
+parameters.
+.. code:: c
+
+ static struct rtems_bsdnet_ifconfig netdriver_config = {
+ RTEMS_BSP_NETWORK_DRIVER_NAME,
+ RTEMS_BSP_NETWORK_DRIVER_ATTACH
+ };
+ struct rtems_bsdnet_config rtems_bsdnet_config = {
+ &netdriver_config,
+ rtems_bsdnet_do_bootp,
+ };
+
+Network initialization
+----------------------
+
+The networking tasks must be started before any network I/O operations
+can be performed. This is done by calling:
+
+.. code:: c
+
+ rtems_bsdnet_initialize_network ();
+
+This function is declared in ``rtems/rtems_bsdnet.h``.
+t returns 0 on success and -1 on failure with an error code
+in ``errno``. It is not possible to undo the effects of
+a partial initialization, though, so the function can be
+called only once irregardless of the return code. Consequently,
+if the condition for the failure can be corrected, the
+system must be reset to permit another network initialization
+attempt.
+
+Application Programming Interface
+=================================
+
+The RTEMS network package provides almost a complete set of BSD network
+services. The network functions work like their BSD counterparts
+with the following exceptions:
+
+- A given socket can be read or written by only one task at a time.
+
+- The ``select`` function only works for file descriptors associated
+ with sockets.
+
+- You must call ``openlog`` before calling any of the ``syslog`` functions.
+
+- *Some of the network functions are not thread-safe.*
+ For example the following functions return a pointer to a static
+ buffer which remains valid only until the next call:
+
+ ``gethostbyaddr``
+
+ ``gethostbyname``
+
+ ``inet_ntoa``
+
+ (``inet_ntop`` is thread-safe, though).
+
+- The RTEMS network package gathers statistics.
+
+- Addition of a mechanism to "tap onto" an interface
+ and monitor every packet received and transmitted.
+
+- Addition of ``SO_SNDWAKEUP`` and ``SO_RCVWAKEUP`` socket options.
+
+Some of the new features are discussed in more detail in the following
+sections.
+
+Network Statistics
+------------------
+
+There are a number of functions to print statistics gathered by
+the network stack.
+These function are declared in ``rtems/rtems_bsdnet.h``.
+
+``rtems_bsdnet_show_if_stats``
+ Display statistics gathered by network interfaces.
+
+``rtems_bsdnet_show_ip_stats``
+ Display IP packet statistics.
+
+``rtems_bsdnet_show_icmp_stats``
+ Display ICMP packet statistics.
+
+``rtems_bsdnet_show_tcp_stats``
+ Display TCP packet statistics.
+
+``rtems_bsdnet_show_udp_stats``
+ Display UDP packet statistics.
+
+``rtems_bsdnet_show_mbuf_stats``
+ Display mbuf statistics.
+
+``rtems_bsdnet_show_inet_routes``
+ Display the routing table.
+
+Tapping Into an Interface
+-------------------------
+
+RTEMS add two new ioctls to the BSD networking code:
+SIOCSIFTAP and SIOCGIFTAP. These may be used to set and get a*tap function*. The tap function will be called for every
+Ethernet packet received by the interface.
+
+These are called like other interface ioctls, such as SIOCSIFADDR.
+When setting the tap function with SIOCSIFTAP, set the ifr_tap field
+of the ifreq struct to the tap function. When retrieving the tap
+function with SIOCGIFTAP, the current tap function will be returned in
+the ifr_tap field. To stop tapping packets, call SIOCSIFTAP with a
+ifr_tap field of 0.
+
+The tap function is called like this:
+.. code:: c
+
+ int tap (struct ifnet \*, struct ether_header \*, struct mbuf \*)
+
+The tap function should return 1 if the packet was fully handled, in
+which case the caller will simply discard the mbuf. The tap function
+should return 0 if the packet should be passed up to the higher
+networking layers.
+
+The tap function is called with the network semaphore locked. It must
+not make any calls on the application levels of the networking level
+itself. It is safe to call other non-networking RTEMS functions.
+
+Socket Options
+--------------
+
+RTEMS adds two new ``SOL_SOCKET`` level options for ``setsockopt`` and``getsockopt``: ``SO_SNDWAKEUP`` and ``SO_RCVWAKEUP``. For both, the
+option value should point to a sockwakeup structure. The sockwakeup
+structure has the following fields:
+.. code:: c
+
+ void (\*sw_pfn) (struct socket \*, caddr_t);
+ caddr_t sw_arg;
+
+These options are used to set a callback function to be called when, for
+example, there is
+data available from the socket (``SO_RCVWAKEUP``) and when there is space
+available to accept data written to the socket (``SO_SNDWAKEUP``).
+
+If ``setsockopt`` is called with the ``SO_RCVWAKEUP`` option, and the``sw_pfn`` field is not zero, then when there is data
+available to be read from
+the socket, the function pointed to by the ``sw_pfn`` field will be
+called. A pointer to the socket structure will be passed as the first
+argument to the function. The ``sw_arg`` field set by the``SO_RCVWAKEUP`` call will be passed as the second argument to the function.
+
+If ``setsockopt`` is called with the ``SO_SNDWAKEUP``
+function, and the ``sw_pfn`` field is not zero, then when
+there is space available to accept data written to the socket,
+the function pointed to by the ``sw_pfn`` field
+will be called. The arguments passed to the function will be as with``SO_SNDWAKEUP``.
+
+When the function is called, the network semaphore will be locked and
+the callback function runs in the context of the networking task.
+The function must be careful not to call any networking functions. It
+is OK to call an RTEMS function; for example, it is OK to send an
+RTEMS event.
+
+The purpose of these callback functions is to permit a more efficient
+alternative to the select call when dealing with a large number of
+sockets.
+
+The callbacks are called by the same criteria that the select
+function uses for indicating "ready" sockets. In Stevens *Unix
+Network Programming* on page 153-154 in the section "Under what Conditions
+Is a Descriptor Ready?" you will find the definitive list of conditions
+for readable and writable that also determine when the functions are
+called.
+
+When the number of received bytes equals or exceeds the socket receive
+buffer "low water mark" (default 1 byte) you get a readable callback. If
+there are 100 bytes in the receive buffer and you only read 1, you will
+not immediately get another callback. However, you will get another
+callback after you read the remaining 99 bytes and at least 1 more byte
+arrives. Using a non-blocking socket you should probably read until it
+produces error EWOULDBLOCK and then allow the readable callback to tell
+you when more data has arrived. (Condition 1.a.)
+
+For sending, when the socket is connected and the free space becomes at
+or above the "low water mark" for the send buffer (default 4096 bytes)
+you will receive a writable callback. You don’t get continuous callbacks
+if you don’t write anything. Using a non-blocking write socket, you can
+then call write until it returns a value less than the amount of data
+requested to be sent or it produces error EWOULDBLOCK (indicating buffer
+full and no longer writable). When this happens you can
+try the write again, but it is often better to go do other things and
+let the writable callback tell you when space is available to send
+again. You only get a writable callback when the free space transitions
+to above the "low water mark" and not every time you
+write to a non-full send buffer. (Condition 2.a.)
+
+The remaining conditions enumerated by Stevens handle the fact that
+sockets become readable and/or writable when connects, disconnects and
+errors occur, not just when data is received or sent. For example, when
+a server "listening" socket becomes readable it indicates that a client
+has connected and accept can be called without blocking, not that
+network data was received (Condition 1.c).
+
+Adding an IP Alias
+------------------
+
+The following code snippet adds an IP alias:
+.. code:: c
+
+ void addAlias(const char \*pName, const char \*pAddr, const char \*pMask)
+ {
+ struct ifaliasreq aliasreq;
+ struct sockaddr_in \*in;
+ /* initialize alias request \*/
+ memset(&aliasreq, 0, sizeof(aliasreq));
+ sprintf(aliasreq.ifra_name, pName);
+ /* initialize alias address \*/
+ in = (struct sockaddr_in \*)&aliasreq.ifra_addr;
+ in->sin_family = AF_INET;
+ in->sin_len = sizeof(aliasreq.ifra_addr);
+ in->sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(pAddr);
+ /* initialize alias mask \*/
+ in = (struct sockaddr_in \*)&aliasreq.ifra_mask;
+ in->sin_family = AF_INET;
+ in->sin_len = sizeof(aliasreq.ifra_mask);
+ in->sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(pMask);
+ /* call to setup the alias \*/
+ rtems_bsdnet_ifconfig(pName, SIOCAIFADDR, &aliasreq);
+ }
+
+Thanks to `Mike Seirs <mailto:mikes@poliac.com>`_ for this example
+code.
+
+Adding a Default Route
+----------------------
+
+The function provided in this section is functionally equivalent to
+the command ``route add default gw yyy.yyy.yyy.yyy``:
+.. code:: c
+
+ void mon_ifconfig(int argc, char \*argv[], unsigned32 command_arg,
+ bool verbose)
+ {
+ struct sockaddr_in ipaddr;
+ struct sockaddr_in dstaddr;
+ struct sockaddr_in netmask;
+ struct sockaddr_in broadcast;
+ char \*iface;
+ int f_ip = 0;
+ int f_ptp = 0;
+ int f_netmask = 0;
+ int f_up = 0;
+ int f_down = 0;
+ int f_bcast = 0;
+ int cur_idx;
+ int rc;
+ int flags;
+ bzero((void*) &ipaddr, sizeof(ipaddr));
+ bzero((void*) &dstaddr, sizeof(dstaddr));
+ bzero((void*) &netmask, sizeof(netmask));
+ bzero((void*) &broadcast, sizeof(broadcast));
+ ipaddr.sin_len = sizeof(ipaddr);
+ ipaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
+ dstaddr.sin_len = sizeof(dstaddr);
+ dstaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
+ netmask.sin_len = sizeof(netmask);
+ netmask.sin_family = AF_INET;
+ broadcast.sin_len = sizeof(broadcast);
+ broadcast.sin_family = AF_INET;
+ cur_idx = 0;
+ if (argc <= 1) {
+ /* display all interfaces \*/
+ iface = NULL;
+ cur_idx += 1;
+ } else {
+ iface = argv[1];
+ if (isdigit(\*argv[2])) {
+ if (inet_pton(AF_INET, argv[2], &ipaddr.sin_addr) < 0) {
+ printf("bad ip address: %s\\n", argv[2]);
+ return;
+ }
+ f_ip = 1;
+ cur_idx += 3;
+ } else {
+ cur_idx += 2;
+ }
+ }
+ if ((f_down !=0) && (f_ip != 0)) {
+ f_up = 1;
+ }
+ while(argc > cur_idx) {
+ if (strcmp(argv[cur_idx], "up") == 0) {
+ f_up = 1;
+ if (f_down != 0) {
+ printf("Can't make interface up and down\\n");
+ }
+ } else if(strcmp(argv[cur_idx], "down") == 0) {
+ f_down = 1;
+ if (f_up != 0) {
+ printf("Can't make interface up and down\\n");
+ }
+ } else if(strcmp(argv[cur_idx], "netmask") == 0) {
+ if ((cur_idx + 1) >= argc) {
+ printf("No netmask address\\n");
+ return;
+ }
+ if (inet_pton(AF_INET, argv[cur_idx+1], &netmask.sin_addr) < 0) {
+ printf("bad netmask: %s\\n", argv[cur_idx]);
+ return;
+ }
+ f_netmask = 1;
+ cur_idx += 1;
+ } else if(strcmp(argv[cur_idx], "broadcast") == 0) {
+ if ((cur_idx + 1) >= argc) {
+ printf("No broadcast address\\n");
+ return;
+ }
+ if (inet_pton(AF_INET, argv[cur_idx+1], &broadcast.sin_addr) < 0) {
+ printf("bad broadcast: %s\\n", argv[cur_idx]);
+ return;
+ }
+ f_bcast = 1;
+ cur_idx += 1;
+ } else if(strcmp(argv[cur_idx], "pointopoint") == 0) {
+ if ((cur_idx + 1) >= argc) {
+ printf("No pointopoint address\\n");
+ return;
+ }
+ if (inet_pton(AF_INET, argv[cur_idx+1], &dstaddr.sin_addr) < 0) {
+ printf("bad pointopoint: %s\\n", argv[cur_idx]);
+ return;
+ }
+ f_ptp = 1;
+ cur_idx += 1;
+ } else {
+ printf("Bad parameter: %s\\n", argv[cur_idx]);
+ return;
+ }
+ cur_idx += 1;
+ }
+ printf("ifconfig ");
+ if (iface != NULL) {
+ printf("%s ", iface);
+ if (f_ip != 0) {
+ char str[256];
+ inet_ntop(AF_INET, &ipaddr.sin_addr, str, 256);
+ printf("%s ", str);
+ }
+ if (f_netmask != 0) {
+ char str[256];
+ inet_ntop(AF_INET, &netmask.sin_addr, str, 256);
+ printf("netmask %s ", str);
+ }
+ if (f_bcast != 0) {
+ char str[256];
+ inet_ntop(AF_INET, &broadcast.sin_addr, str, 256);
+ printf("broadcast %s ", str);
+ }
+ if (f_ptp != 0) {
+ char str[256];
+ inet_ntop(AF_INET, &dstaddr.sin_addr, str, 256);
+ printf("pointopoint %s ", str);
+ }
+ if (f_up != 0) {
+ printf("up\\n");
+ } else if (f_down != 0) {
+ printf("down\\n");
+ } else {
+ printf("\\n");
+ }
+ }
+ if ((iface == NULL) \|| ((f_ip == 0) && (f_down == 0) && (f_up == 0))) {
+ rtems_bsdnet_show_if_stats();
+ return;
+ }
+ flags = 0;
+ if (f_netmask) {
+ rc = rtems_bsdnet_ifconfig(iface, SIOCSIFNETMASK, &netmask);
+ if (rc < 0) {
+ printf("Could not set netmask: %s\\n", strerror(errno));
+ return;
+ }
+ }
+ if (f_bcast) {
+ rc = rtems_bsdnet_ifconfig(iface, SIOCSIFBRDADDR, &broadcast);
+ if (rc < 0) {
+ printf("Could not set broadcast: %s\\n", strerror(errno));
+ return;
+ }
+ }
+ if (f_ptp) {
+ rc = rtems_bsdnet_ifconfig(iface, SIOCSIFDSTADDR, &dstaddr);
+ if (rc < 0) {
+ printf("Could not set destination address: %s\\n", strerror(errno));
+ return;
+ }
+ flags \|= IFF_POINTOPOINT;
+ }
+ /* This must come _after_ setting the netmask, broadcast addresses \*/
+ if (f_ip) {
+ rc = rtems_bsdnet_ifconfig(iface, SIOCSIFADDR, &ipaddr);
+ if (rc < 0) {
+ printf("Could not set IP address: %s\\n", strerror(errno));
+ return;
+ }
+ }
+ if (f_up != 0) {
+ flags \|= IFF_UP;
+ }
+ if (f_down != 0) {
+ printf("Warning: taking interfaces down is not supported\\n");
+ }
+ rc = rtems_bsdnet_ifconfig(iface, SIOCSIFFLAGS, &flags);
+ if (rc < 0) {
+ printf("Could not set interface flags: %s\\n", strerror(errno));
+ return;
+ }
+ }
+ void mon_route(int argc, char \*argv[], unsigned32 command_arg,
+ bool verbose)
+ {
+ int cmd;
+ struct sockaddr_in dst;
+ struct sockaddr_in gw;
+ struct sockaddr_in netmask;
+ int f_host;
+ int f_gw = 0;
+ int cur_idx;
+ int flags;
+ int rc;
+ memset(&dst, 0, sizeof(dst));
+ memset(&gw, 0, sizeof(gw));
+ memset(&netmask, 0, sizeof(netmask));
+ dst.sin_len = sizeof(dst);
+ dst.sin_family = AF_INET;
+ dst.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("0.0.0.0");
+ gw.sin_len = sizeof(gw);
+ gw.sin_family = AF_INET;
+ gw.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("0.0.0.0");
+ netmask.sin_len = sizeof(netmask);
+ netmask.sin_family = AF_INET;
+ netmask.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("255.255.255.0");
+ if (argc < 2) {
+ rtems_bsdnet_show_inet_routes();
+ return;
+ }
+ if (strcmp(argv[1], "add") == 0) {
+ cmd = RTM_ADD;
+ } else if (strcmp(argv[1], "del") == 0) {
+ cmd = RTM_DELETE;
+ } else {
+ printf("invalid command: %s\\n", argv[1]);
+ printf("\\tit should be 'add' or 'del'\\n");
+ return;
+ }
+ if (argc < 3) {
+ printf("not enough arguments\\n");
+ return;
+ }
+ if (strcmp(argv[2], "-host") == 0) {
+ f_host = 1;
+ } else if (strcmp(argv[2], "-net") == 0) {
+ f_host = 0;
+ } else {
+ printf("Invalid type: %s\\n", argv[1]);
+ printf("\\tit should be '-host' or '-net'\\n");
+ return;
+ }
+ if (argc < 4) {
+ printf("not enough arguments\\n");
+ return;
+ }
+ inet_pton(AF_INET, argv[3], &dst.sin_addr);
+ cur_idx = 4;
+ while(cur_idx < argc) {
+ if (strcmp(argv[cur_idx], "gw") == 0) {
+ if ((cur_idx +1) >= argc) {
+ printf("no gateway address\\n");
+ return;
+ }
+ f_gw = 1;
+ inet_pton(AF_INET, argv[cur_idx + 1], &gw.sin_addr);
+ cur_idx += 1;
+ } else if(strcmp(argv[cur_idx], "netmask") == 0) {
+ if ((cur_idx +1) >= argc) {
+ printf("no netmask address\\n");
+ return;
+ }
+ f_gw = 1;
+ inet_pton(AF_INET, argv[cur_idx + 1], &netmask.sin_addr);
+ cur_idx += 1;
+ } else {
+ printf("Unknown argument\\n");
+ return;
+ }
+ cur_idx += 1;
+ }
+ flags = RTF_STATIC;
+ if (f_gw != 0) {
+ flags \|= RTF_GATEWAY;
+ }
+ if (f_host != 0) {
+ flags \|= RTF_HOST;
+ }
+ rc = rtems_bsdnet_rtrequest(cmd, &dst, &gw, &netmask, flags, NULL);
+ if (rc < 0) {
+ printf("Error adding route\\n");
+ }
+ }
+
+Thanks to `Jay Monkman <mailto:jtm@smoothmsmoothie.com>`_ for this example
+code.
+
+Time Synchronization Using NTP
+------------------------------
+
+.. code:: c
+
+ int rtems_bsdnet_synchronize_ntp (int interval, rtems_task_priority priority);
+
+If the interval argument is 0 the routine synchronizes the RTEMS time-of-day
+clock with the first NTP server in the rtems_bsdnet_ntpserve array and
+returns. The priority argument is ignored.
+
+If the interval argument is greater than 0, the routine also starts an
+RTEMS task at the specified priority and polls the NTP server every
+‘interval’ seconds. NOTE: This mode of operation has not yet been
+implemented.
+
+On successful synchronization of the RTEMS time-of-day clock the routine
+returns 0. If an error occurs a message is printed and the routine returns -1
+with an error code in errno.
+There is no timeout – if there is no response from an NTP server the
+routine will wait forever.
+
+.. COMMENT: Written by Eric Norum
+
+.. COMMENT: COPYRIGHT (c) 1988-2002.
+
+.. COMMENT: On-Line Applications Research Corporation (OAR).
+
+.. COMMENT: All rights reserved.
+