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Diffstat (limited to 'ncurses-5.3/man/ncurses.3x')
| -rw-r--r-- | ncurses-5.3/man/ncurses.3x | 914 |
1 files changed, 914 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/ncurses-5.3/man/ncurses.3x b/ncurses-5.3/man/ncurses.3x new file mode 100644 index 0000000..211612e --- /dev/null +++ b/ncurses-5.3/man/ncurses.3x @@ -0,0 +1,914 @@ +'\" t +.\"*************************************************************************** +.\" Copyright (c) 1998,1999,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. * +.\" * +.\" Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a * +.\" copy of this software and associated documentation files (the * +.\" "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including * +.\" without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, * +.\" distribute, distribute with modifications, sublicense, and/or sell * +.\" copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is * +.\" furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: * +.\" * +.\" The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included * +.\" in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. * +.\" * +.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS * +.\" OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF * +.\" MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. * +.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE ABOVE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, * +.\" DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR * +.\" OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR * +.\" THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. * +.\" * +.\" Except as contained in this notice, the name(s) of the above copyright * +.\" holders shall not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the * +.\" sale, use or other dealings in this Software without prior written * +.\" authorization. * +.\"*************************************************************************** +.\" +.\" $Id$ +.hy 0 +.TH ncurses 3X "" +.ds n 5 +.ds d @TERMINFO@ +.SH NAME +\fBncurses\fR - CRT screen handling and optimization package +.SH SYNOPSIS +\fB#include <curses.h>\fR +.br +.SH DESCRIPTION +The \fBncurses\fR library routines give the user a terminal-independent method +of updating character screens with reasonable optimization. This +implementation is ``new curses'' (ncurses) and is the approved replacement for +4.4BSD classic curses, which has been discontinued. + +The \fBncurses\fR routines emulate the \fBcurses\fR(3X) library of System V +Release 4 UNIX, and the XPG4 curses standard (XSI curses) but the \fBncurses\fR +library is freely redistributable in source form. Differences from the SVr4 +curses are summarized under the EXTENSIONS and BUGS sections below and +described in detail in the EXTENSIONS and BUGS sections of individual man +pages. + +A program using these routines must be linked with the \fB-lncurses\fR option, +or (if it has been generated) with the debugging library \fB-lncurses_g\fR. +(Your system integrator may also have installed these libraries under +the names \fB-lcurses\fR and \fB-lcurses_g\fR.) +The ncurses_g library generates trace logs (in a file called 'trace' in the +current directory) that describe curses actions. + +The \fBncurses\fR package supports: overall screen, window and pad +manipulation; output to windows and pads; reading terminal input; control over +terminal and \fBcurses\fR input and output options; environment query +routines; color manipulation; use of soft label keys; terminfo capabilities; +and access to low-level terminal-manipulation routines. + +To initialize the routines, the routine \fBinitscr\fR or \fBnewterm\fR +must be called before any of the other routines that deal with windows +and screens are used. The routine \fBendwin\fR must be called before +exiting. To get character-at-a-time input without echoing (most +interactive, screen oriented programs want this), the following +sequence should be used: + + \fBinitscr(); cbreak(); noecho();\fR + +Most programs would additionally use the sequence: + + \fBnonl();\fR + \fBintrflush(stdscr, FALSE);\fR + \fBkeypad(stdscr, TRUE);\fR + +Before a \fBcurses\fR program is run, the tab stops of the terminal +should be set and its initialization strings, if defined, must be +output. This can be done by executing the \fBtput init\fR command +after the shell environment variable \fBTERM\fR has been exported. +\fBtset(1)\fR is usually responsible for doing this. +[See \fBterminfo\fR(\*n) for further details.] + +The \fBncurses\fR library permits manipulation of data structures, +called \fIwindows\fR, which can be thought of as two-dimensional +arrays of characters representing all or part of a CRT screen. A +default window called \fBstdscr\fR, which is the size of the terminal +screen, is supplied. Others may be created with \fBnewwin\fR. + +Note that \fBcurses\fR does not handle overlapping windows, that's done by +the \fBpanel\fR(3X) library. This means that you can either use +\fBstdscr\fR or divide the screen into tiled windows and not using +\fBstdscr\fR at all. Mixing the two will result in unpredictable, and +undesired, effects. + +Windows are referred to by variables declared as \fBWINDOW *\fR. +These data structures are manipulated with routines described here and +elsewhere in the \fBncurses\fR manual pages. Among which the most basic +routines are \fBmove\fR and \fBaddch\fR. More general versions of +these routines are included with names beginning with \fBw\fR, +allowing the user to specify a window. The routines not beginning +with \fBw\fR affect \fBstdscr\fR.) + +After using routines to manipulate a window, \fBrefresh\fR is called, +telling \fBcurses\fR to make the user's CRT screen look like +\fBstdscr\fR. The characters in a window are actually of type +\fBchtype\fR, (character and attribute data) so that other information +about the character may also be stored with each character. + +Special windows called \fIpads\fR may also be manipulated. These are windows +which are not constrained to the size of the screen and whose contents need not +be completely displayed. See \fBcurs_pad\fR(3X) for more information. + +In addition to drawing characters on the screen, video attributes and colors +may be supported, causing the characters to show up in such modes as +underlined, in reverse video, or in color on terminals that support such +display enhancements. Line drawing characters may be specified to be output. +On input, \fBcurses\fR is also able to translate arrow and function keys that +transmit escape sequences into single values. The video attributes, line +drawing characters, and input values use names, defined in \fB<curses.h>\fR, +such as \fBA_REVERSE\fR, \fBACS_HLINE\fR, and \fBKEY_LEFT\fR. + +If the environment variables \fBLINES\fR and \fBCOLUMNS\fR are set, or if the +program is executing in a window environment, line and column information in +the environment will override information read by \fIterminfo\fR. This would +effect a program running in an AT&T 630 layer, for example, where the size of a +screen is changeable (see \fBENVIRONMENT\fR). + +If the environment variable \fBTERMINFO\fR is defined, any program using +\fBcurses\fR checks for a local terminal definition before checking in the +standard place. For example, if \fBTERM\fR is set to \fBatt4424\fR, then the +compiled terminal definition is found in + + \fB\*d/a/att4424\fR. + +(The \fBa\fR is copied from the first letter of \fBatt4424\fR to avoid +creation of huge directories.) However, if \fBTERMINFO\fR is set to +\fB$HOME/myterms\fR, \fBcurses\fR first checks + + \fB$HOME/myterms/a/att4424\fR, + +and if that fails, it then checks + + \fB\*d/a/att4424\fR. + +This is useful for developing experimental definitions or when write +permission in \fB\*d\fR is not available. + +The integer variables \fBLINES\fR and \fBCOLS\fR are defined in +\fB<curses.h>\fR and will be filled in by \fBinitscr\fR with the size of the +screen. The constants \fBTRUE\fR and \fBFALSE\fR have the values \fB1\fR and +\fB0\fR, respectively. + +The \fBcurses\fR routines also define the \fBWINDOW *\fR variable \fBcurscr\fR +which is used for certain low-level operations like clearing and redrawing a +screen containing garbage. The \fBcurscr\fR can be used in only a few +routines. + +.SS Routine and Argument Names +Many \fBcurses\fR routines have two or more versions. The routines prefixed +with \fBw\fR require a window argument. The routines prefixed with \fBp\fR +require a pad argument. Those without a prefix generally use \fBstdscr\fR. + +The routines prefixed with \fBmv\fR require a \fIy\fR and \fIx\fR +coordinate to move to before performing the appropriate action. The +\fBmv\fR routines imply a call to \fBmove\fR before the call to the +other routine. The coordinate \fIy\fR always refers to the row (of +the window), and \fIx\fR always refers to the column. The upper +left-hand corner is always (0,0), not (1,1). + +The routines prefixed with \fBmvw\fR take both a window argument and +\fIx\fR and \fIy\fR coordinates. The window argument is always +specified before the coordinates. + +In each case, \fIwin\fR is the window affected, and \fIpad\fR is the +pad affected; \fIwin\fR and \fIpad\fR are always pointers to type +\fBWINDOW\fR. + +Option setting routines require a Boolean flag \fIbf\fR with the value +\fBTRUE\fR or \fBFALSE\fR; \fIbf\fR is always of type \fBbool\fR. The +variables \fIch\fR and \fIattrs\fR below are always of type +\fBchtype\fR. The types \fBWINDOW\fR, \fBSCREEN\fR, \fBbool\fR, and +\fBchtype\fR are defined in \fB<curses.h>\fR. The type \fBTERMINAL\fR +is defined in \fB<term.h>\fR. All other arguments are integers. + +.SS Routine Name Index +The following table lists each \fBcurses\fR routine and the name of +the manual page on which it is described. Routines flagged with `*' +are ncurses-specific, not described by XPG4 or present in SVr4. + +.TS +center tab(/); +l l +l l . +\fBcurses\fR Routine Name/Manual Page Name += +COLOR_PAIR/\fBcurs_color\fR(3X) +PAIR_NUMBER/\fBcurs_attr\fR(3X) +_nc_tracebits/\fBcurs_trace\fR(3X)* +_traceattr/\fBcurs_trace\fR(3X)* +_traceattr2/\fBcurs_trace\fR(3X)* +_tracechar/\fBcurs_trace\fR(3X)* +_tracechtype/\fBcurs_trace\fR(3X)* +_tracechtype2/\fBcurs_trace\fR(3X)* +_tracedump/\fBcurs_trace\fR(3X)* +_tracef/\fBcurs_trace\fR(3X)* +_tracemouse/\fBcurs_trace\fR(3X)* +add_wch/\fBcurs_add_wch\fR(3X) +add_wchnstr/\fBcurs_add_wchstr\fR(3X) +add_wchstr/\fBcurs_add_wchstr\fR(3X) +addch/\fBcurs_addch\fR(3X) +addchnstr/\fBcurs_addchstr\fR(3X) +addchstr/\fBcurs_addchstr\fR(3X) +addnstr/\fBcurs_addstr\fR(3X) +addnwstr/\fBcurs_addwstr\fR(3X) +addstr/\fBcurs_addstr\fR(3X) +addwstr/\fBcurs_addwstr\fR(3X) +assume_default_colors/\fBdefault_colors\fR(3X)* +attr_get/\fBcurs_attr\fR(3X) +attr_off/\fBcurs_attr\fR(3X) +attr_on/\fBcurs_attr\fR(3X) +attr_set/\fBcurs_attr\fR(3X) +attroff/\fBcurs_attr\fR(3X) +attron/\fBcurs_attr\fR(3X) +attrset/\fBcurs_attr\fR(3X) +baudrate/\fBcurs_termattrs\fR(3X) +beep/\fBcurs_beep\fR(3X) +bkgd/\fBcurs_bkgd\fR(3X) +bkgdset/\fBcurs_bkgd\fR(3X) +bkgrnd/\fBcurs_bkgrnd\fR(3X) +bkgrndset/\fBcurs_bkgrnd\fR(3X) +border/\fBcurs_border\fR(3X) +border_set/\fBcurs_border_set\fR(3X) +box/\fBcurs_border\fR(3X) +box_set/\fBcurs_border_set\fR(3X) +can_change_color/\fBcurs_color\fR(3X) +cbreak/\fBcurs_inopts\fR(3X) +chgat/\fBcurs_attr\fR(3X) +clear/\fBcurs_clear\fR(3X) +clearok/\fBcurs_outopts\fR(3X) +clrtobot/\fBcurs_clear\fR(3X) +clrtoeol/\fBcurs_clear\fR(3X) +color_content/\fBcurs_color\fR(3X) +color_set/\fBcurs_attr\fR(3X) +copywin/\fBcurs_overlay\fR(3X) +curs_set/\fBcurs_kernel\fR(3X) +curses_version/\fBcurs_extend\fR(3X)* +def_prog_mode/\fBcurs_kernel\fR(3X) +def_shell_mode/\fBcurs_kernel\fR(3X) +define_key/\fBdefine_key\fR(3X)* +del_curterm/\fBcurs_terminfo\fR(3X) +delay_output/\fBcurs_util\fR(3X) +delch/\fBcurs_delch\fR(3X) +deleteln/\fBcurs_deleteln\fR(3X) +delscreen/\fBcurs_initscr\fR(3X) +delwin/\fBcurs_window\fR(3X) +derwin/\fBcurs_window\fR(3X) +doupdate/\fBcurs_refresh\fR(3X) +dupwin/\fBcurs_window\fR(3X) +echo/\fBcurs_inopts\fR(3X) +echo_wchar/\fBcurs_add_wch\fR(3X) +echochar/\fBcurs_addch\fR(3X) +endwin/\fBcurs_initscr\fR(3X) +erase/\fBcurs_clear\fR(3X) +erasechar/\fBcurs_termattrs\fR(3X) +erasewchar/\fBcurs_termattrs\fR(3X) +filter/\fBcurs_util\fR(3X) +flash/\fBcurs_beep\fR(3X) +flushinp/\fBcurs_util\fR(3X) +get_wch/\fBcurs_get_wch\fR(3X) +get_wstr/\fBcurs_get_wstr\fR(3X) +getbegyx/\fBcurs_getyx\fR(3X) +getbkgd/\fBcurs_bkgd\fR(3X) +getbkgrnd/\fBcurs_bkgrnd\fR(3X) +getcchar/\fBcurs_getcchar\fR(3X) +getch/\fBcurs_getch\fR(3X) +getmaxyx/\fBcurs_getyx\fR(3X) +getmouse/\fBcurs_mouse\fR(3X)* +getn_wstr/\fBcurs_get_wstr\fR(3X) +getnstr/\fBcurs_getstr\fR(3X) +getparyx/\fBcurs_getyx\fR(3X) +getstr/\fBcurs_getstr\fR(3X) +getsyx/\fBcurs_kernel\fR(3X) +getwin/\fBcurs_util\fR(3X) +getyx/\fBcurs_getyx\fR(3X) +halfdelay/\fBcurs_inopts\fR(3X) +has_colors/\fBcurs_color\fR(3X) +has_ic/\fBcurs_termattrs\fR(3X) +has_il/\fBcurs_termattrs\fR(3X) +has_key/\fBcurs_getch\fR(3X)* +hline/\fBcurs_border\fR(3X) +hline_set/\fBcurs_border_set\fR(3X) +idcok/\fBcurs_outopts\fR(3X) +idlok/\fBcurs_outopts\fR(3X) +immedok/\fBcurs_outopts\fR(3X) +in_wch/\fBcurs_in_wch\fR(3X) +in_wchnstr/\fBcurs_in_wchstr\fR(3X) +in_wchstr/\fBcurs_in_wchstr\fR(3X) +inch/\fBcurs_inch\fR(3X) +inchnstr/\fBcurs_inchstr\fR(3X) +inchstr/\fBcurs_inchstr\fR(3X) +init_color/\fBcurs_color\fR(3X) +init_pair/\fBcurs_color\fR(3X) +initscr/\fBcurs_initscr\fR(3X) +innstr/\fBcurs_instr\fR(3X) +innwstr/\fBcurs_inwstr\fR(3X) +ins_nwstr/\fBcurs_ins_wstr\fR(3X) +ins_wch/\fBcurs_ins_wch\fR(3X) +ins_wstr/\fBcurs_ins_wstr\fR(3X) +insch/\fBcurs_insch\fR(3X) +insdelln/\fBcurs_deleteln\fR(3X) +insertln/\fBcurs_deleteln\fR(3X) +insnstr/\fBcurs_insstr\fR(3X) +insstr/\fBcurs_insstr\fR(3X) +instr/\fBcurs_instr\fR(3X) +intrflush/\fBcurs_inopts\fR(3X) +inwstr/\fBcurs_inwstr\fR(3X) +is_linetouched/\fBcurs_touch\fR(3X) +is_wintouched/\fBcurs_touch\fR(3X) +isendwin/\fBcurs_initscr\fR(3X) +key_name/\fBcurs_util\fR(3X) +keybound/\fBkeybound\fR(3X)* +keyname/\fBcurs_util\fR(3X) +keyok/\fBkeyok\fR(3X)* +keypad/\fBcurs_inopts\fR(3X) +killchar/\fBcurs_termattrs\fR(3X) +killwchar/\fBcurs_termattrs\fR(3X) +leaveok/\fBcurs_outopts\fR(3X) +longname/\fBcurs_termattrs\fR(3X) +mcprint/\fBcurs_print\fR(3X)* +meta/\fBcurs_inopts\fR(3X) +mouse_trafo/\fBcurs_mouse\fR(3X)* +mouseinterval/\fBcurs_mouse\fR(3X)* +mousemask/\fBcurs_mouse\fR(3X)* +move/\fBcurs_move\fR(3X) +mvadd_wch/\fBcurs_add_wch\fR(3X) +mvadd_wchnstr/\fBcurs_add_wchstr\fR(3X) +mvadd_wchstr/\fBcurs_add_wchstr\fR(3X) +mvaddch/\fBcurs_addch\fR(3X) +mvaddchnstr/\fBcurs_addchstr\fR(3X) +mvaddchstr/\fBcurs_addchstr\fR(3X) +mvaddnstr/\fBcurs_addstr\fR(3X) +mvaddnwstr/\fBcurs_addwstr\fR(3X) +mvaddstr/\fBcurs_addstr\fR(3X) +mvaddwstr/\fBcurs_addwstr\fR(3X) +mvchgat/\fBcurs_attr\fR(3X) +mvcur/\fBcurs_terminfo\fR(3X) +mvdelch/\fBcurs_delch\fR(3X) +mvderwin/\fBcurs_window\fR(3X) +mvget_wch/\fBcurs_get_wch\fR(3X) +mvget_wstr/\fBcurs_get_wstr\fR(3X) +mvgetch/\fBcurs_getch\fR(3X) +mvgetn_wstr/\fBcurs_get_wstr\fR(3X) +mvgetnstr/\fBcurs_getstr\fR(3X) +mvgetstr/\fBcurs_getstr\fR(3X) +mvhline/\fBcurs_border\fR(3X) +mvhline_set/\fBcurs_border_set\fR(3X) +mvin_wch/\fBcurs_in_wch\fR(3X) +mvin_wchnstr/\fBcurs_in_wchstr\fR(3X) +mvin_wchstr/\fBcurs_in_wchstr\fR(3X) +mvinch/\fBcurs_inch\fR(3X) +mvinchnstr/\fBcurs_inchstr\fR(3X) +mvinchstr/\fBcurs_inchstr\fR(3X) +mvinnstr/\fBcurs_instr\fR(3X) +mvinnwstr/\fBcurs_inwstr\fR(3X) +mvins_nwstr/\fBcurs_ins_wstr\fR(3X) +mvins_wch/\fBcurs_ins_wch\fR(3X) +mvins_wstr/\fBcurs_ins_wstr\fR(3X) +mvinsch/\fBcurs_insch\fR(3X) +mvinsnstr/\fBcurs_insstr\fR(3X) +mvinsstr/\fBcurs_insstr\fR(3X) +mvinstr/\fBcurs_instr\fR(3X) +mvinwstr/\fBcurs_inwstr\fR(3X) +mvprintw/\fBcurs_printw\fR(3X) +mvscanw/\fBcurs_scanw\fR(3X) +mvvline/\fBcurs_border\fR(3X) +mvvline_set/\fBcurs_border_set\fR(3X) +mvwadd_wch/\fBcurs_add_wch\fR(3X) +mvwadd_wchnstr/\fBcurs_add_wchstr\fR(3X) +mvwadd_wchstr/\fBcurs_add_wchstr\fR(3X) +mvwaddch/\fBcurs_addch\fR(3X) +mvwaddchnstr/\fBcurs_addchstr\fR(3X) +mvwaddchstr/\fBcurs_addchstr\fR(3X) +mvwaddnstr/\fBcurs_addstr\fR(3X) +mvwaddnwstr/\fBcurs_addwstr\fR(3X) +mvwaddstr/\fBcurs_addstr\fR(3X) +mvwaddwstr/\fBcurs_addwstr\fR(3X) +mvwchgat/\fBcurs_attr\fR(3X) +mvwdelch/\fBcurs_delch\fR(3X) +mvwget_wch/\fBcurs_get_wch\fR(3X) +mvwget_wstr/\fBcurs_get_wstr\fR(3X) +mvwgetch/\fBcurs_getch\fR(3X) +mvwgetn_wstr/\fBcurs_get_wstr\fR(3X) +mvwgetnstr/\fBcurs_getstr\fR(3X) +mvwgetstr/\fBcurs_getstr\fR(3X) +mvwhline/\fBcurs_border\fR(3X) +mvwhline_set/\fBcurs_border_set\fR(3X) +mvwin/\fBcurs_window\fR(3X) +mvwin_wch/\fBcurs_in_wch\fR(3X) +mvwin_wchnstr/\fBcurs_in_wchstr\fR(3X) +mvwin_wchstr/\fBcurs_in_wchstr\fR(3X) +mvwinch/\fBcurs_inch\fR(3X) +mvwinchnstr/\fBcurs_inchstr\fR(3X) +mvwinchstr/\fBcurs_inchstr\fR(3X) +mvwinnstr/\fBcurs_instr\fR(3X) +mvwinnwstr/\fBcurs_inwstr\fR(3X) +mvwins_nwstr/\fBcurs_ins_wstr\fR(3X) +mvwins_wch/\fBcurs_ins_wch\fR(3X) +mvwins_wstr/\fBcurs_ins_wstr\fR(3X) +mvwinsch/\fBcurs_insch\fR(3X) +mvwinsnstr/\fBcurs_insstr\fR(3X) +mvwinsstr/\fBcurs_insstr\fR(3X) +mvwinstr/\fBcurs_instr\fR(3X) +mvwinwstr/\fBcurs_inwstr\fR(3X) +mvwprintw/\fBcurs_printw\fR(3X) +mvwscanw/\fBcurs_scanw\fR(3X) +mvwvline/\fBcurs_border\fR(3X) +mvwvline_set/\fBcurs_border_set\fR(3X) +napms/\fBcurs_kernel\fR(3X) +newpad/\fBcurs_pad\fR(3X) +newterm/\fBcurs_initscr\fR(3X) +newwin/\fBcurs_window\fR(3X) +nl/\fBcurs_outopts\fR(3X) +nocbreak/\fBcurs_inopts\fR(3X) +nodelay/\fBcurs_inopts\fR(3X) +noecho/\fBcurs_inopts\fR(3X) +nonl/\fBcurs_outopts\fR(3X) +noqiflush/\fBcurs_inopts\fR(3X) +noraw/\fBcurs_inopts\fR(3X) +notimeout/\fBcurs_inopts\fR(3X) +overlay/\fBcurs_overlay\fR(3X) +overwrite/\fBcurs_overlay\fR(3X) +pair_content/\fBcurs_color\fR(3X) +pechochar/\fBcurs_pad\fR(3X) +pnoutrefresh/\fBcurs_pad\fR(3X) +prefresh/\fBcurs_pad\fR(3X) +printw/\fBcurs_printw\fR(3X) +putp/\fBcurs_terminfo\fR(3X) +putwin/\fBcurs_util\fR(3X) +qiflush/\fBcurs_inopts\fR(3X) +raw/\fBcurs_inopts\fR(3X) +redrawwin/\fBcurs_refresh\fR(3X) +refresh/\fBcurs_refresh\fR(3X) +reset_prog_mode/\fBcurs_kernel\fR(3X) +reset_shell_mode/\fBcurs_kernel\fR(3X) +resetty/\fBcurs_kernel\fR(3X) +resizeterm/\fBresizeterm\fR(3X)* +restartterm/\fBcurs_terminfo\fR(3X) +ripoffline/\fBcurs_kernel\fR(3X) +savetty/\fBcurs_kernel\fR(3X) +scanw/\fBcurs_scanw\fR(3X) +scr_dump/\fBcurs_scr_dump\fR(3X) +scr_init/\fBcurs_scr_dump\fR(3X) +scr_restore/\fBcurs_scr_dump\fR(3X) +scr_set/\fBcurs_scr_dump\fR(3X) +scrl/\fBcurs_scroll\fR(3X) +scroll/\fBcurs_scroll\fR(3X) +scrollok/\fBcurs_outopts\fR(3X) +set_curterm/\fBcurs_terminfo\fR(3X) +set_term/\fBcurs_initscr\fR(3X) +setcchar/\fBcurs_getcchar\fR(3X) +setscrreg/\fBcurs_outopts\fR(3X) +setsyx/\fBcurs_kernel\fR(3X) +setterm/\fBcurs_terminfo\fR(3X) +setupterm/\fBcurs_terminfo\fR(3X) +slk_attr/\fBcurs_slk\fR(3X)* +slk_attr_off/\fBcurs_slk\fR(3X) +slk_attr_on/\fBcurs_slk\fR(3X) +slk_attr_set/\fBcurs_slk\fR(3X) +slk_attroff/\fBcurs_slk\fR(3X) +slk_attron/\fBcurs_slk\fR(3X) +slk_attrset/\fBcurs_slk\fR(3X) +slk_clear/\fBcurs_slk\fR(3X) +slk_color/\fBcurs_slk\fR(3X) +slk_init/\fBcurs_slk\fR(3X) +slk_label/\fBcurs_slk\fR(3X) +slk_noutrefresh/\fBcurs_slk\fR(3X) +slk_refresh/\fBcurs_slk\fR(3X) +slk_restore/\fBcurs_slk\fR(3X) +slk_set/\fBcurs_slk\fR(3X) +slk_touch/\fBcurs_slk\fR(3X) +standend/\fBcurs_attr\fR(3X) +standout/\fBcurs_attr\fR(3X) +start_color/\fBcurs_color\fR(3X) +subpad/\fBcurs_pad\fR(3X) +subwin/\fBcurs_window\fR(3X) +syncok/\fBcurs_window\fR(3X) +term_attrs/\fBcurs_termattrs\fR(3X) +termattrs/\fBcurs_termattrs\fR(3X) +termname/\fBcurs_termattrs\fR(3X) +tgetent/\fBcurs_termcap\fR(3X) +tgetflag/\fBcurs_termcap\fR(3X) +tgetnum/\fBcurs_termcap\fR(3X) +tgetstr/\fBcurs_termcap\fR(3X) +tgoto/\fBcurs_termcap\fR(3X) +tigetflag/\fBcurs_terminfo\fR(3X) +tigetnum/\fBcurs_terminfo\fR(3X) +tigetstr/\fBcurs_terminfo\fR(3X) +timeout/\fBcurs_inopts\fR(3X) +touchline/\fBcurs_touch\fR(3X) +touchwin/\fBcurs_touch\fR(3X) +tparm/\fBcurs_terminfo\fR(3X) +tputs/\fBcurs_termcap\fR(3X) +tputs/\fBcurs_terminfo\fR(3X) +trace/\fBcurs_trace\fR(3X)* +typeahead/\fBcurs_inopts\fR(3X) +unctrl/\fBcurs_util\fR(3X) +unget_wch/\fBcurs_get_wch\fR(3X) +ungetch/\fBcurs_getch\fR(3X) +ungetmouse/\fBcurs_mouse\fR(3X)* +untouchwin/\fBcurs_touch\fR(3X) +use_default_colors/\fBdefault_colors\fR(3X)* +use_env/\fBcurs_util\fR(3X) +use_extended_names/\fBcurs_extend\fR(3X)* +vid_attr/\fBcurs_terminfo\fR(3X) +vid_puts/\fBcurs_terminfo\fR(3X) +vidattr/\fBcurs_terminfo\fR(3X) +vidputs/\fBcurs_terminfo\fR(3X) +vline/\fBcurs_border\fR(3X) +vline_set/\fBcurs_border_set\fR(3X) +vw_printw/\fBcurs_printw\fR(3X) +vw_scanw/\fBcurs_scanw\fR(3X) +vwprintw/\fBcurs_printw\fR(3X) +vwscanw/\fBcurs_scanw\fR(3X) +wadd_wch/\fBcurs_add_wch\fR(3X) +wadd_wchnstr/\fBcurs_add_wchstr\fR(3X) +wadd_wchstr/\fBcurs_add_wchstr\fR(3X) +waddch/\fBcurs_addch\fR(3X) +waddchnstr/\fBcurs_addchstr\fR(3X) +waddchstr/\fBcurs_addchstr\fR(3X) +waddnstr/\fBcurs_addstr\fR(3X) +waddnwstr/\fBcurs_addwstr\fR(3X) +waddstr/\fBcurs_addstr\fR(3X) +waddwstr/\fBcurs_addwstr\fR(3X) +wattr_get/\fBcurs_attr\fR(3X) +wattr_off/\fBcurs_attr\fR(3X) +wattr_on/\fBcurs_attr\fR(3X) +wattr_set/\fBcurs_attr\fR(3X) +wattroff/\fBcurs_attr\fR(3X) +wattron/\fBcurs_attr\fR(3X) +wattrset/\fBcurs_attr\fR(3X) +wbkgd/\fBcurs_bkgd\fR(3X) +wbkgdset/\fBcurs_bkgd\fR(3X) +wbkgrnd/\fBcurs_bkgrnd\fR(3X) +wbkgrndset/\fBcurs_bkgrnd\fR(3X) +wborder/\fBcurs_border\fR(3X) +wborder_set/\fBcurs_border_set\fR(3X) +wchgat/\fBcurs_attr\fR(3X) +wclear/\fBcurs_clear\fR(3X) +wclrtobot/\fBcurs_clear\fR(3X) +wclrtoeol/\fBcurs_clear\fR(3X) +wcolor_set/\fBcurs_attr\fR(3X) +wcursyncup/\fBcurs_window\fR(3X) +wdelch/\fBcurs_delch\fR(3X) +wdeleteln/\fBcurs_deleteln\fR(3X) +wecho_wchar/\fBcurs_add_wch\fR(3X) +wechochar/\fBcurs_addch\fR(3X) +wenclose/\fBcurs_mouse\fR(3X)* +werase/\fBcurs_clear\fR(3X) +wget_wch/\fBcurs_get_wch\fR(3X) +wget_wstr/\fBcurs_get_wstr\fR(3X) +wgetbkgrnd/\fBcurs_bkgrnd\fR(3X) +wgetch/\fBcurs_getch\fR(3X) +wgetn_wstr/\fBcurs_get_wstr\fR(3X) +wgetnstr/\fBcurs_getstr\fR(3X) +wgetstr/\fBcurs_getstr\fR(3X) +whline/\fBcurs_border\fR(3X) +whline_set/\fBcurs_border_set\fR(3X) +win_wch/\fBcurs_in_wch\fR(3X) +win_wchnstr/\fBcurs_in_wchstr\fR(3X) +win_wchstr/\fBcurs_in_wchstr\fR(3X) +winch/\fBcurs_inch\fR(3X) +winchnstr/\fBcurs_inchstr\fR(3X) +winchstr/\fBcurs_inchstr\fR(3X) +winnstr/\fBcurs_instr\fR(3X) +winnwstr/\fBcurs_inwstr\fR(3X) +wins_nwstr/\fBcurs_ins_wstr\fR(3X) +wins_wch/\fBcurs_ins_wch\fR(3X) +wins_wstr/\fBcurs_ins_wstr\fR(3X) +winsch/\fBcurs_insch\fR(3X) +winsdelln/\fBcurs_deleteln\fR(3X) +winsertln/\fBcurs_deleteln\fR(3X) +winsnstr/\fBcurs_insstr\fR(3X) +winsstr/\fBcurs_insstr\fR(3X) +winstr/\fBcurs_instr\fR(3X) +winwstr/\fBcurs_inwstr\fR(3X) +wmouse_trafo/\fBcurs_mouse\fR(3X)* +wmove/\fBcurs_move\fR(3X) +wnoutrefresh/\fBcurs_refresh\fR(3X) +wprintw/\fBcurs_printw\fR(3X) +wredrawln/\fBcurs_refresh\fR(3X) +wrefresh/\fBcurs_refresh\fR(3X) +wresize/\fBwresize\fR(3X)* +wscanw/\fBcurs_scanw\fR(3X) +wscrl/\fBcurs_scroll\fR(3X) +wsetscrreg/\fBcurs_outopts\fR(3X) +wstandend/\fBcurs_attr\fR(3X) +wstandout/\fBcurs_attr\fR(3X) +wsyncdown/\fBcurs_window\fR(3X) +wsyncup/\fBcurs_window\fR(3X) +wtimeout/\fBcurs_inopts\fR(3X) +wtouchln/\fBcurs_touch\fR(3X) +wunctrl/\fBcurs_util\fR(3X) +wvline/\fBcurs_border\fR(3X) +wvline_set/\fBcurs_border_set\fR(3X) +.TE +.SH RETURN VALUE +Routines that return an integer return \fBERR\fR upon failure and an +integer value other than \fBERR\fR upon successful completion, unless +otherwise noted in the routine descriptions. + +All macros return the value of the \fBw\fR version, except \fBsetscrreg\fR, +\fBwsetscrreg\fR, \fBgetyx\fR, \fBgetbegyx\fR, \fBgetmaxyx\fR. The return +values of \fBsetscrreg\fR, \fBwsetscrreg\fR, \fBgetyx\fR, \fBgetbegyx\fR, and +\fBgetmaxyx\fR are undefined (\fIi\fR.\fIe\fR., these should not be used as the +right-hand side of assignment statements). + +Routines that return pointers return \fBNULL\fR on error. +.SH ENVIRONMENT +The following environment symbols are useful for customizing the +runtime behavior of the \fBncurses\fR library. The most important +ones have been already discussed in detail. +.TP 5 +BAUDRATE +The debugging library checks this environment symbol when the application +has redirected output to a file. +The symbol's numeric value is used for the baudrate. +If no value is found \fBncurses\fR uses 9600. +This allows testers to construct repeatable test-cases +that take into account costs that depend on baudrate. +.TP 5 +CC +When set, change occurrences of the command_character +(i.e., the \fBcmdch\fP capability) +of the loaded terminfo entries to the value of this symbol. +Very few terminfo entries provide this feature. +.TP 5 +COLUMNS +Specify the width of the screen in characters. +Applications running in a windowing environment usually are able to +obtain the width of the window in which they are executing. +If neither the $COLUMNS value nor the terminal's screen size is available, +\fBncurses\fR uses the size which may be specified in the terminfo database +(i.e., the \fBcols\fR capability). + +It is important that your application use a correct size for the screen. +However, this is not always possible because your application may be +running on a host which does not honor NAWS (Negotiations About Window +Size), or because you are temporarily running as another user. + +Either COLUMNS or LINES symbols may be specified independently. +This is mainly useful to circumvent legacy misfeatures of terminal descriptions, +e.g., xterm which commonly specifies a 65 line screen. +For best results, \fBlines\fR and \fBcols\fR should not be specified in +a terminal description for terminals which are run as emulations. + +Use the \fBuse_env\fR function to disable this feature. +.TP 5 +ESCDELAY +Specifies the total time, in milliseconds, for which ncurses will +await a character sequence, e.g., a function key. +The default value, 1000 milliseconds, is enough for most uses. +However, it is made a variable to accommodate unusual applications. + +The most common instance where you may wish to change this value +is to work with slow hosts, e.g., running on a network. +If the host cannot read characters rapidly enough, it will have the same +effect as if the terminal did not send characters rapidly enough. +The library will still see a timeout. + +Note that xterm mouse events are built up from character sequences +received from the xterm. +If your application makes heavy use of multiple-clicking, you may +wish to lengthen this default value because the timeout applies +to the composed multi-click event as well as the individual clicks. +.TP 5 +HOME +Tells \fBncurses\fR where your home directory is. +That is where it may read and write auxiliary terminal descriptions: + +$HOME/.termcap +.br +$HOME/.terminfo +.TP 5 +LINES +Like COLUMNS, specify the height of the screen in characters. +See COLUMNS for a detailed description. +.TP 5 +MOUSE_BUTTONS_123 +This applies only to the OS/2 EMX port. +It specifies the order of buttons on the mouse. +OS/2 numbers a 3-button mouse inconsistently from other +platforms: + +1 = left +.br +2 = right +.br +3 = middle. + +This symbol lets you customize the mouse. +The symbol must be three numeric digits 1-3 in any order, e.g., 123 or 321. +If it is not specified, \fBncurses\fR uses 132. +.TP 5 +NCURSES_ASSUMED_COLORS +Override the compiled-in assumption that the +terminal's default colors are white-on-black +(see \fBassume_default_colors\fR(3X)). +You may set the foreground and background color values with this environment +variable by proving a 2-element list: foreground,background. +For example, to tell ncurses to not assume anything +about the colors, set this to "-1,-1". +To make it green-on-black, set it to "2,0". +Any positive value from zero to the terminfo \fBmax_colors\fR value is allowed. +.TP 5 +NCURSES_NO_PADDING +Most of the terminal descriptions in the terminfo database are written +for real "hardware" terminals. +Many people use terminal emulators +which run in a windowing environment and use curses-based applications. +Terminal emulators can duplicate +all of the important aspects of a hardware terminal, but they do not +have the same limitations. +The chief limitation of a hardware terminal from the standpoint +of your application is the management of dataflow, i.e., timing. +Unless a hardware terminal is interfaced into a terminal concentrator +(which does flow control), +it (or your application) must manage dataflow, preventing overruns. +The cheapest solution (no hardware cost) +is for your program to do this by pausing after +operations that the terminal does slowly, such as clearing the display. + +As a result, many terminal descriptions (including the vt100) +have delay times embedded. You may wish to use these descriptions, +but not want to pay the performance penalty. + +Set the NCURSES_NO_PADDING symbol to disable all but mandatory +padding. Mandatory padding is used as a part of special control +sequences such as \fIflash\fR. +.TP 5 +NCURSES_NO_SETBUF +Normally \fBncurses\fR enables buffered output during terminal initialization. +This is done (as in SVr4 curses) for performance reasons. +For testing purposes, both of \fBncurses\fR and certain applications, +this feature is made optional. Setting the NCURSES_NO_SETBUF variable +disables output buffering, leaving the output in the original (usually +line buffered) mode. +.TP 5 +NCURSES_TRACE +During initialization, the \fBncurses\fR debugging library +checks the NCURSES_TRACE symbol. +If it is defined, to a numeric value, \fBncurses\fR calls the \fBtrace\fR +function, using that value as the argument. + +The argument values, which are defined in \fBcurses.h\fR, provide several +types of information. +When running with traces enabled, your application will write the +file \fBtrace\fR to the current directory. +.TP 5 +TERM +Denotes your terminal type. +Each terminal type is distinct, though many are similar. +.TP 5 +TERMCAP +If the \fBncurses\fR library has been configured with \fItermcap\fR +support, \fBncurses\fR will check for a terminal's description in +termcap form if it is not available in the terminfo database. + +The TERMCAP symbol contains either a terminal description (with +newlines stripped out), +or a file name telling where the information denoted by the TERM symbol exists. +In either case, setting it directs \fBncurses\fR to ignore +the usual place for this information, e.g., /etc/termcap. +.TP 5 +TERMINFO +Overrides the directory in which \fBncurses\fR searches for your terminal +description. +This is the simplest, but not the only way to change the list of directories. +The complete list of directories in order follows: +.RS +.TP 3 +- +the last directory to which \fBncurses\fR wrote, if any, is searched first. +.TP 3 +- +the directory specified by the TERMINFO symbol +.TP 3 +- +$HOME/.terminfo +.TP 3 +- +directories listed in the TERMINFO_DIRS symbol +.TP 3 +- +one or more directories whose names are configured and compiled into the +ncurses library, e.g., +@TERMINFO@ +.RE +.TP 5 +TERMINFO_DIRS +Specifies a list of directories to search for terminal descriptions. +The list is separated by colons (i.e., ":") on Unix, semicolons on OS/2 EMX. +All of the terminal descriptions are in terminfo form, which makes +a subdirectory named for the first letter of the terminal names therein. +.TP 5 +TERMPATH +If TERMCAP does not hold a file name then \fBncurses\fR checks +the TERMPATH symbol. +This is a list of filenames separated by spaces or colons (i.e., ":") on Unix, semicolons on OS/2 EMX. +If the TERMPATH symbol is not set, \fBncurses\fR looks in the files +/etc/termcap, /usr/share/misc/termcap and $HOME/.termcap, in that order. +.PP +The library may be configured to disregard the following variables when the +current user is the superuser (root), or if the application uses setuid or +setgid permissions: +$TERMINFO, $TERMINFO_DIRS, $TERMPATH, as well as $HOME. +.SH FILES +.TP 5 +@DATADIR@/tabset +directory containing initialization files for the terminal capability database +@TERMINFO@ +terminal capability database +.SH SEE ALSO +\fBterminfo\fR(\*n) and related pages whose names begin "curs_" for detailed routine +descriptions. +.SH EXTENSIONS +The \fBncurses\fR library can be compiled with an option (\fB-DUSE_GETCAP\fR) +that falls back to the old-style /etc/termcap file if the terminal setup code +cannot find a terminfo entry corresponding to \fBTERM\fR. Use of this feature +is not recommended, as it essentially includes an entire termcap compiler in +the \fBncurses\fR startup code, at significant cost in core and startup cycles. + +The \fBncurses\fR library includes facilities for capturing mouse events on +certain terminals (including xterm). See the \fBcurs_mouse\fR(3X) +manual page for details. + +The \fBncurses\fR library includes facilities for responding to window +resizing events, e.g., when running in an xterm. +See the \fBresizeterm\fR(3X) +and \fBwresize\fR(3X) manual pages for details. +In addition, the library may be configured with a SIGWINCH handler. + +The \fBncurses\fR library extends the fixed set of function key capabilities +of terminals by allowing the application designer to define additional +key sequences at runtime. +See the \fBdefine_key\fR(3X) +and \fBkeyok\fR(3X) manual pages for details. + +The \fBncurses\fR library can exploit the capabilities of terminals which +implement the ISO-6429 SGR 39 and SGR 49 controls, which allow an application +to reset the terminal to its original foreground and background colors. +From the users' perspective, the application is able to draw colored +text on a background whose color is set independently, providing better +control over color contrasts. +See the \fBdefault_colors\fR(3X) manual page for details. + +The \fBncurses\fR library includes a function for directing application output +to a printer attached to the terminal device. See the \fBcurs_print\fR(3X) +manual page for details. +.SH PORTABILITY +The \fBncurses\fR library is intended to be BASE-level conformant with the XSI +Curses standard. Certain portions of the EXTENDED XSI Curses functionality +(including color support) are supported. The following EXTENDED XSI Curses +calls in support of wide (multibyte) characters are not yet implemented: +\fBpecho_wchar\fP, +\fBslk_wset\fP. +.PP +A small number of local differences (that is, individual differences between +the XSI Curses and \fBncurses\fR calls) are described in \fBPORTABILITY\fR +sections of the library man pages. +.PP +The routine \fBhas_key\fR is not part of XPG4, nor is it present in SVr4. See +the \fBcurs_getch\fR(3X) manual page for details. +.PP +The routine \fBslk_attr\fR is not part of XPG4, nor is it present in SVr4. See +the \fBcurs_slk\fR(3X) manual page for details. +.PP +The routines \fBgetmouse\fR, \fBmousemask\fR, \fBungetmouse\fR, +\fBmouseinterval\fR, and \fBwenclose\fR relating to mouse interfacing are not +part of XPG4, nor are they present in SVr4. See the \fBcurs_mouse\fR(3X) +manual page for details. +.PP +The routine \fBmcprint\fR was not present in any previous curses +implementation. See the \fBcurs_print\fR(3X) manual page for details. +.PP +The routine \fBwresize\fR is not part of XPG4, nor is it present in SVr4. See +the \fBwresize\fR(3X) manual page for details. +.PP +In historic curses versions, delays embedded in the capabilities \fBcr\fR, +\fBind\fR, \fBcub1\fR, \fBff\fR and \fBtab\fR activated corresponding delay +bits in the UNIX tty driver. In this implementation, all padding is done by +NUL sends. This method is slightly more expensive, but narrows the interface +to the UNIX kernel significantly and increases the package's portability +correspondingly. +.SH NOTES +The header file \fB<curses.h>\fR automatically includes the header files +\fB<stdio.h>\fR and \fB<unctrl.h>\fR. + +If standard output from a \fBncurses\fR program is re-directed to something +which is not a tty, screen updates will be directed to standard error. This +was an undocumented feature of AT&T System V Release 3 curses. +.SH AUTHORS +Zeyd M. Ben-Halim, Eric S. Raymond, Thomas E. Dickey. +Based on pcurses by Pavel Curtis. +.\"# +.\"# The following sets edit modes for GNU EMACS +.\"# Local Variables: +.\"# mode:nroff +.\"# fill-column:79 +.\"# End: |